diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 9a0e112..cec3e1e 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@ outputs/
 __pycache__/
 assets/models/speedtree/
 assets/models/lyrog/
+inputs/osm
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.trellis/spec/config/index.md b/.trellis/spec/config/index.md
index 43624ba..8c912d4 100644
--- a/.trellis/spec/config/index.md
+++ b/.trellis/spec/config/index.md
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ cp config/examples/template.json config/areas/my-area.json
 | `turnLaneArrows` | | 见下 | 从 OSM `turn:lanes:*` 生成自定义车道箭头的发布开关 |
 | `osm2streets` | | 见下 | 透传给 osm2streets 的选项 |
 | `blender` | | 见下 | Blender 侧选项 |
+| `nativeRoad` | | 见下 | 原生道路编译选项 |
 | `compress` | | 见下 | 默认交付压缩阶段的 GLB 压缩选项 |
 | `budget` | | 见下 | 区域 GLB 性能与体量预算 |
 | `outputs` | | 从 `id` 推导 | 输出路径覆盖，逃生舱 |
@@ -134,6 +135,17 @@ cp config/examples/template.json config/areas/my-area.json
 | `officeOverrides` | `""` | 旧名 `office_overrides` 仍被接受 |
 | `roadProvider` | `"native"` | Blender 道路来源。`"native"` 时仅使用 `native-road/` 的道路、路口和人行道面；`"osm2streets"` 仅用于显式 legacy/debug 构建。 |
 
+### `nativeRoad`
+
+| 字段 | 默认 | 说明 |
+|---|---|---|
+| `edgeLines` | `false` | 是否输出道路边缘线。 |
+| `junctionTemplates.enabled` | `false` | 启用显式绑定的参数化路口模板。 |
+| `junctionTemplates.references` | `[]` | 仅支持 `cross-v1`；每项必须给出 OSM `nodeId`，可带 GCJ-02 `referenceFile` 作校准与有效性检查。 |
+| `junctionTemplates.clusters` | `[]` | `cross-cluster-v1` 的相邻 OSM 节点簇。输出各外部进口的参数化渐变道路面，簇内短段与节点级路口面保留；`approachWidthMultiplier` / `approachLengthMeters` 控制渐变。可选 `referenceFile` 记录 GCJ-02 校准来源，不合并节点级道路、connector、信号或停止线语义。 |
+| `junctionTemplates.clusters[].cornerRadiusMeters` | `12`（4–25） | 仅 `complex-junction-v1`：相邻进口夹角处路缘圆角的半径。圆角切于两侧最外道路边缘，只补齐夹角处的路面，不改变 connector、信号或停止线。 |
+| `junctionTemplates.clusters[].outerRadiusExtraMeters` | `18`（18–35） | 仅 `complex-junction-v1`：路口中心到外部进口交接边界的额外半径。用于让圆角包住角部斑马线；未配置时保持原有 18 m。 |
+
 ### `compress`
 
 完整构建和显式 `--stages compress` 都使用此配置。默认压缩链是 texture resize + WebP
diff --git a/.trellis/spec/pipeline/cli-and-stages.md b/.trellis/spec/pipeline/cli-and-stages.md
index 3a5ee06..3908911 100644
--- a/.trellis/spec/pipeline/cli-and-stages.md
+++ b/.trellis/spec/pipeline/cli-and-stages.md
@@ -815,6 +815,32 @@ area.outputs.trafficSignals
 - `layout.mastHeightMeters` 与 `layout.headCenterHeightMeters` 必须相等，表示横杆与灯壳的
   中心对齐；`lensVerticalOffsetsMeters` 以灯壳中心为基准，正值向上、负值向下。当前倒计时牌
   垂直偏移为 `0`，必须贴在横杆上而非悬挂。
+- 复合路口中，具有相同 `cluster_id` 的停止线按道路轴线匹配 OSM control arm；轴线的两个
+  极性必须视为等价，但每条候选停止线仍只能消费一次。普通路口继续使用有向进口匹配，不能
+  用复合路口的无向规则覆盖普通路口。
+- 复合路口的中心绿化带/中央分隔带不由 native 复合模板伪造；模板只生成 OSM 道路和路口
+  内必要的安全岛。每条生成的复合进口车道须在停止线外侧上游约 `8m` 生成一支与车道拓扑
+  一致的左转、直行或右转箭头；不得额外叠加一套固定直行箭头。
+- **控制要素避让顺序**：`buildComplexJunctionGeometry` 在 `compileLaneCenterlines` 之前生成，
+  产出的 `complex-crosswalk` / `complex-corner-crosswalk` / `complex-stop-line` 必须以
+  `{ crosswalks, stopLines }` 参数传入 `compileLaneCenterlines`。车道中心线、车道分隔线、
+  中心虚线、导向箭头都在这一裁剪之后才落地。这里的裁剪对象包括两类车道几何：一是簇
+  边界上的 OSM 车道，二是模板自造的 `cluster-approach-lane` 预览车道。裁剪必须先按到
+  路口中心的距离把线定向为“外向内”，再复用 `trimLineBeforeFirstControl`：因为 OSM 车道
+  由簇边缘向外指、预览车道由外圈向核心指，两种朝向都存在，直接裁会裁反。裁剪后的几何
+  同时喂给车道标线源（`markingLanes[i].coordinates`），否则分隔线/箭头会画到斑马线之外
+  继续侵入核心区。拓扑几何 `coordinates`（供 connector 使用）不得裁剪，否则 turn path
+  会断。发布几何 vs 拓扑几何的双轨在 `compileLaneCenterlines` 内并存，别合并。
+- **复合路口人行道转角**：直步行带被 `trimLineAtComplexCluster` 裁在簇外圈，两条相邻的
+  臂之间会留一个楔形无覆盖区。转角带由 `buildComplexJunctionGeometry` 与 `complex-corner-fillet`
+  共用同一 `curve` / `tangents` / `edges` / `apex` 复用生成，不重新拟合曲线；宽度
+  `SIDEWALK_WIDTH_METERS = 2` 必须与 `native-road.js:DEFAULT_SIDEWALK_WIDTH_METERS` 保持
+  一致，法线方向按“离簇中心更远”选取（路缘相对中心是星形的）。判定两侧臂是否都带步行带
+  时必须按臂的外向方向翻转 road 自身的 `sidewalkLeft/Right`，因为那是相对数字化方向的。
+  端头以 `SIDEWALK_CORNER_OVERRUN_METERS = 6` 冗余越过簇边界，让转角带和直条带自然重叠，
+  不追求精确缝合。自交（`ringSelfIntersects`）或任一坐标非有限时跳过并报
+  `complex-junction-sidewalk-corner-fallback`；不允许硬塞坏几何。产物经 `islands` 通道
+  与安全岛一同并入 `generatedComplexSidewalks`，最终落入 `sidewalk_surface.geojson`。
 
 ### 4. Validation & Error Matrix
 
@@ -824,6 +850,9 @@ area.outputs.trafficSignals
 | 直接运行 `blender` / `preview` 但锚点不存在 | 在启动外部工具前报 `Traffic signal anchors not found` |
 | `signal_uid` 缺失/重复、非空 `display_id` 重复、字段或 Point 无效 | 重导入在替换任何输出前失败 |
 | 用户仅修改 QGIS 后运行 `reimport` | 重新生成锚点，不沿用旧坐标 |
+| 复合路口车道整体落在斑马线/停止线内 | 报 `lane-centerline-fully-inside-control`，回退为未裁剪发布几何，不写空 LineString |
+| 复合路口人行道转角自交或坐标非有限 | 报 `complex-junction-sidewalk-corner-fallback`，跳过该角，两侧步行带保持断开 |
+| 有 `referenceFile` 时同时配置 `coreRadiusMeters` | 校准值胜出，报 `complex-junction-configured-radius-ignored` 记录被忽略的配置值 |
 
 ### 5. Good/Base/Bad Cases
 
diff --git a/.trellis/spec/pipeline/index.md b/.trellis/spec/pipeline/index.md
index fdff2dc..c902cf3 100644
--- a/.trellis/spec/pipeline/index.md
+++ b/.trellis/spec/pipeline/index.md
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 | 加阶段、加 CLI 参数、改配置字段 | [CLI 与阶段](./cli-and-stages.md) |
 | 改区域诊断/质量门命令或共享区域配置归一化 | [CLI 与阶段](./cli-and-stages.md#区域诊断命令) 和 [质量门](./cli-and-stages.md#区域质量门命令) |
 | 改 stage manifest 写入、读取或 stale 判断 | [CLI 与阶段](./cli-and-stages.md#stage-manifest-契约) |
+| 改复合路口几何（`buildComplexJunctionGeometry`、车道控制避让、人行道转角） | [CLI 与阶段](./cli-and-stages.md#可编辑信号设施与运行时锚点的跨阶段消费) 的复合路口小节 |
 | 改预览页生成 | [../preview/](../preview/index.md) |
 | 声称"纯重构，产物不变" | [产物一致性指南](../guides/artifact-parity-guide.md) |
 
diff --git a/.trellis/tasks/08-19-gaode-junction-reference/check.jsonl b/.trellis/tasks/08-19-gaode-junction-reference/check.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9dd3234
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.trellis/tasks/08-19-gaode-junction-reference/check.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"_example": "Fill with {\"file\": \"<path>\", \"reason\": \"<why>\"}. Put spec/research files only — no code paths. Run `python3 .trellis/scripts/get_context.py --mode packages` to list available specs. Delete this line once real entries are added."}
diff --git a/.trellis/tasks/08-19-gaode-junction-reference/design.md b/.trellis/tasks/08-19-gaode-junction-reference/design.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02561f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.trellis/tasks/08-19-gaode-junction-reference/design.md
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# Technical Design
+
+## Boundary
+
+The native compiler remains authoritative for OSM road identity, directed lanes,
+connections, traffic signals, stop lines, and preview routes. A reference layer is
+an optional geometry-calibration input consumed before junction surface publication.
+
+## Proposed Flow
+
+```text
+optional reference GeoJSON (GCJ-02)
+  -> validate schema and coordinate bounds
+  -> GCJ-02 to WGS84 conversion
+  -> associate reference footprint with an OSM junction node
+  -> classify geometry by observable shape, not opaque vendor type alone
+  -> derive bounded junction-shape parameters
+  -> native compiler creates surface/connectors as usual
+  -> diagnostics compare generated geometry with reference
+```
+
+The first production validation keeps the reference overlay/diagnostic, then enables a
+bounded `cross` junction template for explicitly configured references. Connector
+endpoints and movement enumeration still come from the native model. T and complex
+junctions remain on the existing algorithm until their templates are separately validated.
+
+## Input Contract
+
+Use an optional area-level reference configuration rather than a hard-coded filename.
+The sample points to `inputs/osm/珠山湖大道（枫树二路）口.geojson`, declares `GCJ-02`,
+and identifies the target through OSM node `8005332807` or a stable spatial/name match.
+The file is not assumed to contain a CRS member; the configured source CRS is required.
+
+## Geometry Safety
+
+- Convert all reference coordinates to WGS84 before distance/overlap tests.
+- Reject malformed or non-finite coordinates and references outside the OSM bounds plus a
+  bounded tolerance.
+- Never let a reference polygon create a movement, lane, signal, or stop-line record.
+- Keep a fallback path to the current `compileGeometry()` junction algorithm.
+
+## Compatibility And Rollback
+
+No-reference configs and existing output schemas remain unchanged. The experiment can be
+disabled by omitting the reference section or setting it disabled. Generated diagnostics
+must record source file hash, conversion mode, matched OSM node, and whether fallback was used.
+No source reference file is rewritten.
+
+## Open Technical Work
+
+1. Select the smallest reusable geometry parameter set from the sample (approach cutback,
+   corner radius/rounding, island/marking envelopes, and tolerances).
+2. Implement and test GCJ-02 conversion independently from compiler logic.
+3. Compare the sample against all native junctions near the converted footprint before any
+   production surface override is enabled.
+4. Add topology classification and template dispatch; only cross is enabled in this validation.
+5. Preserve native connectors and controls while replacing only the bounded junction surface geometry.
diff --git a/.trellis/tasks/08-19-gaode-junction-reference/implement.jsonl b/.trellis/tasks/08-19-gaode-junction-reference/implement.jsonl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9dd3234
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.trellis/tasks/08-19-gaode-junction-reference/implement.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"_example": "Fill with {\"file\": \"<path>\", \"reason\": \"<why>\"}. Put spec/research files only — no code paths. Run `python3 .trellis/scripts/get_context.py --mode packages` to list available specs. Delete this line once real entries are added."}
diff --git a/.trellis/tasks/08-19-gaode-junction-reference/implement.md b/.trellis/tasks/08-19-gaode-junction-reference/implement.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfb0b75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.trellis/tasks/08-19-gaode-junction-reference/implement.md
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Validation Implementation Plan
+
+进度标记于 2026-08-21。
+
+1. [x] Add a read-only reference inspection utility or library helper that validates GeoJSON,
+   converts GCJ-02 to WGS84, computes bounds/center, and associates the sample with OSM node
+   `8005332807`. — `scripts/lib/gaode-junction-reference.js` + `scripts/inspect-junction-reference.js`
+2. [x] Add focused tests for coordinate conversion, malformed input rejection, spatial association,
+   and the no-reference fallback. — `npm run test:gaode-junction-reference`
+3. [x] Add a diagnostic comparison between the reference footprint and native
+   `intersection_surface.geojson`, including center offset, envelope overlap, and approach headings.
+   — 复杂路口的面写在 `road_surface.geojson`（`complex_part`）而非 `intersection_surface`，
+   原实现匹配不到、恒返回 `nativeIntersection: null`。已扩展为可回落到复杂路口簇
+   （新增 `--native-road-surface` / `--cluster-id`，schema 升至 v2）。
+4. [x] Add a reference-backed, parameterized junction template and dispatch it only for
+   explicitly enabled samples. — 实际实现为 `complex-junction-v1`，非原计划的 cross 模板，
+   范围变更见 prd.md「Scope Drift」。
+5. [x] Preserve connector, movement, signal, and stop-line generation; validate containment against
+   the new surface. — A/B 实测通过，数据见 prd.md「Verification Log」。
+6. [x] Run native-road, preflight, preview-traffic, and package-contract tests, plus the sample
+   comparison. Inspect the generated overlay/diagnostic manually.
+   — 2026-08-21 全绿：`test:gaode-junction-reference`、`test:native-road`、`test:road-workbench`、
+   `test:preflight`、`test:native-preview-traffic`、`test:package-contract`、`test:traffic-signals`，
+   外加 `road:check` → `ok: true, errors: []`。人工视觉确认仍待用户。
+7. [x] Stop at validation. Do not commit,
+   and do not modify the source OSM or reference GeoJSON. — 未 commit；参考 GeoJSON 未改；
+   源 OSM 有改动但来自人工 JOSM 编辑，非管线写入。
+
+## 本次会话追加的修复（2026-08-21）
+
+- 车道中心线与车道标线越过斑马线：`compileLaneCenterlines` 现接收模板已产出的斑马线/停止线，
+  新增 `trimLaneOutsideControls`（按到路口中心的半径定向后再裁剪，因为车道几何两种朝向都存在）。
+  拓扑几何 `coordinates` 保持完整，仅裁剪发布几何与标线源几何。
+  实测越线要素 20 → 0，分隔线越界 2 → 0，connector 356 / movement 370 前后一致。
+- 新增诊断 `complex-junction-configured-radius-ignored`、`lane-centerline-fully-inside-control`。
+- 删除死函数 `clusterApproachRing`。
+- **复杂路口人行道转角**（`complex-junction.js`）：直条带被裁在簇边界后，相邻两臂的步行带
+  各自留一个断头，中间整个楔形无覆盖。现沿圆角已定义的路缘补一条 2 m 宽转角带。
+  - 复用同一函数作用域内已算好的 `curve` / `tangents` / `edges` / `apex`，不重新拟合曲线
+  - 新增 `armCarriesSidewalk`（按臂的外向方向翻转道路自身的 `sidewalkLeft/Right`）、
+    `edgeRunToRadius`、`offsetPolylineAwayFromCenter`、`ringSelfIntersects`
+  - 经 `islands` 通道并入 `generatedComplexSidewalks`
+  - 自交或几何无效时跳过并报 `complex-junction-sidewalk-corner-fallback`，不硬塞坏几何
+  - 实测：人行道要素 7 → 8；生成角 1（平分线 286°，241°→331°，57 顶点）；无自交；
+    与两侧条带均相接；面积采样 331 点中 0 点落在车行道内
+  - **限制**：全区 139 条路仅 3 条带人行道，4 个角中只有 286° 两侧齐备，
+    其余 3 个角当前不产出，缺少验证样本
+
+## Rollback Points
+
+- Delete/disable the optional reference configuration to restore the default native path.
+- Remove only the reference diagnostic output; existing native-road outputs remain authoritative.
+- Do not overwrite existing layers until the comparison is accepted.
diff --git a/.trellis/tasks/08-19-gaode-junction-reference/prd.md b/.trellis/tasks/08-19-gaode-junction-reference/prd.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fb3673
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.trellis/tasks/08-19-gaode-junction-reference/prd.md
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+# Parameterize junction geometry with optional Gaode reference
+
+## Goal
+
+验证一种通用的、参数化的路口几何生成范式：借鉴高德路口 GeoJSON 的规整边界和标线组织方式，
+但保持 OSM/native compiler 对道路身份、连接关系、车道可行驶性、信号和停止线的权威性。
+当前阶段先做一个可回滚的生产几何验证，不提交代码或产物。
+
+## Requirements
+
+- R1: native 路口在没有参考数据时行为不变，现有 OSM/native 输出仍是默认路径。
+- R2: 支持可选的路口参考输入，至少记录输入路径、坐标来源（GCJ-02）和目标 OSM 路口关联方式。
+- R3: 参考输入先转换为 WGS84；禁止将 GCJ-02 坐标直接与 OSM/native 几何叠加。
+- R4: 参考数据只允许影响路口面的规整化参数、边界形态和标线布局；不得改变 OSM 道路、车道、connector、
+  signal_uid、停止线归属或车辆路线拓扑。
+- R5: 不机械复制高德 feature 的 `type=1..5`；先建立可审计的几何类别映射或只使用其可验证的形态特征。
+- R6: 以“珠山湖大道（枫树二路）”路口作为验证样本，输出参考前后对比、偏差诊断和可回滚结果。
+- R6.1: 生成器按路口拓扑选择模板，至少区分 cross、T 和复杂/多臂路口；不能用一个固定几何参数机械覆盖所有路口。
+- R6.2: 首个生产几何验证只启用 cross 模板，利用参考样本校准 cutback、圆角和进口过渡；T/复杂路口先保留现有 native 行为并记录诊断。
+- R6.3: 模板生成的路口面必须由 OSM/native 道路宽度、方向和车道结构驱动；高德几何只用于校准参数或对比，不直接复制其 feature。
+- R7: 参考文件缺失、坐标转换失败、无法关联 OSM 路口或几何越界时，构建必须回退默认 native 算法并给出诊断，
+  不得静默覆盖生产几何。
+- R8: 保持当前阶段 manifest、GLB/package 契约和无参考区域的 parity 行为不变。
+
+## Acceptance Criteria
+
+> 措辞修订说明见文末「Scope Drift」。勾选项均为 2026-08-21 实测，证据记录在「Verification Log」。
+
+- [x] 不配置参考输入时，现有 native-road 测试和样本区域输出保持默认行为。
+- [x] 配置枫树二路参考后，能稳定关联 OSM node `8005332807`，并生成 WGS84 参考诊断。
+- [x] 参考几何与 native 路口的叠加结果可检查：路口中心、边界、进口方向有数值和 SVG 记录。
+- [x] 参考模式不改变 OSM 衍生的 connector、车道连接、信号或停止线集合；模板只新增自有
+      `complex-*` 命名空间要素。（原措辞「不会新增或删除…停止线」严于 R4 本意，已修订）
+- [x] 参考模式失败时有明确 warning，并成功回退默认 native 几何。
+- [x] 模板生成的路口面视觉上接近高德参考。connector / 信号 / 停止线集合一致性已实测通过；
+      视觉接近度由用户 2026-08-21 在工作台确认（「基本 ok」），其间提出的人行道转角缺口已修复并复核通过。
+- [x] 无参考路口继续走默认 native 几何，不被模板误套。
+- [x] 验证产物写入区域输出目录，未执行 git commit。（源 OSM 有改动，但来自人工 JOSM 编辑，
+      非管线写入；原措辞未区分这两者，已修订）
+
+## Scope Drift（2026-08-21 记录）
+
+R6.2 原定「首个生产几何验证只启用 cross 模板；T/复杂路口先保留现有 native 行为」。
+实际实现走的是 `complex-junction-v1`，对枫树二路 4 节点簇做整体路口面、斑马线、停止线、
+角部安全岛和圆角生成。范围已越过 R6.2，本文档据实修订，R6.2 视为被本次决策取代。
+cross 模板（`cross-v1` / `cross-cluster-v1`）代码路径仍在，未被删除。
+
+## Verification Log（2026-08-21）
+
+参考模式 A/B 对照（同一 OSM 输入，`junctionTemplates.enabled` 开/关，独立 outputRoot）：
+
+| 指标 | ON | OFF | 判定 |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| connector 要素 | 356 | 356 | 集合逐一相同，无新增/缺失 |
+| movement / published | 370 / 356 | 370 / 356 | 一致 |
+| connection | 215 | 215 | 一致 |
+| 信号 uid 集合 | 20 | 20 | 集合完全一致 |
+| 普通斑马线 `native-road-crosswalk/v1` | 6 | 6 | 一致 |
+| 模板新增 `complex-crosswalk` | 128 | 0 | 模板自有命名空间 |
+| 模板新增 `complex-corner-crosswalk` | 24 | 0 | 同上 |
+| 模板新增 `complex-stop-line` | 4 | 0 | 同上 |
+| 预览车道 `cluster-approach-lane` | 24 | 0 | 同上 |
+
+参考关联与叠加（`npm run reference:junction`）：
+
+- 匹配方式 `node-id`，命中 `8005332807`，参考中心到节点 **8.98 m**
+- 匹配到 `complex-cluster` = `zhushanhu-fengshu-complex`，13 个要素
+- native core 半径 **24 m**（配置 `coreRadiusMeters: 28`），进口 4 / 车行道 8，
+  进口朝向 `[-118.5, -28, 62.2, 151.9]`
+- 已知口径差异：检查工具用参考文件**全部** feature 算 bounds（约 380×330 m，含长引道），
+  而 `readReferenceCalibration` 只取 `type ∈ [1,2,3,4]` 的子集。两者不同量级，
+  故 bbox IoU（0.070）当前**不是**可用的质量指标，仅中心偏差和朝向可比。
+
+失败回退（`referenceFile` 指向不存在路径）：
+
+- 编译成功不抛错；诊断由 `complex-junction-reference-calibrated` 降级为 `complex-junction-generated`
+- connector 356 / movement 370 不变
+- 该路径下 `lane-centerline-fully-inside-control` 触发 10 次：无参考时 coreRadius 仅 14.56 m，
+  10 条车道整体落在控制带内，回退为未裁剪发布。非回归（改动前同样未裁剪），但属已知限制。
+
+非簇路口未受模板影响（A/B `intersection_surface`）：
+
+| | ON | OFF |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| 普通路口面总数 | 41 | 45 |
+| 簇成员节点出现次数 | 0（预期 0） | 4（模板关闭时预期 4） |
+| 非簇节点（41 个） | — | 与 ON 逐点几何完全一致，无增无缺 |
+| 模板 `complex_part` 要素 | 13，全部归属唯一簇 `zhushanhu-fengshu-complex` | 0 |
+
+结论：模板严格限定在 `nodeIds` 列表内，无外溢。
+
+## Known Gaps（2026-08-21）
+
+1. `way/858770823:segment/2`（长 19.2 m，远端为 service 路口 `8613058676`）被 `native-road.js`
+   的 cluster 丢弃判据误伤，整段无路面，该节点周边 25×25 m 内 25.8% 露底。
+   判据应从「远端在 outerRadius 内」改为「远端也是 cluster 成员节点」，实测该判据分界干净。
+   **用户 2026-08-21 明确暂缓，未修改。**
+2. `coreRadiusMeters` 在有参考文件时不参与计算（被 calibration 覆盖并 clamp 到 24）。
+   已加诊断 `complex-junction-configured-radius-ignored` 使其可见，行为未改。
+3. `approachLengthMeters` 对 `complex-junction-v1` 无效（仅 `cross-v1` / `cross-cluster-v1` 使用）。
+   死函数 `clusterApproachRing` 已删除。
+4. 无参考路径下普通停止线为 0（`crossing-no-safe-stop-line` 告警 1 条），先于本任务存在。
+
+
+## Constraints And Deferred Scope
+
+- OSM WGS84 与 native 拓扑是交通语义的单一事实源。
+- 高德参考暂不作为完整道路网络输入，也不直接替代 road surface 或 connector 几何。
+- 暂不定义所有高德 `type` 值的业务语义；先验证几何范式和校准边界。
+- 暂不提交代码、配置或生成产物；本阶段完成后由用户决定是否进入正式实现。
diff --git a/.trellis/tasks/08-19-gaode-junction-reference/task.json b/.trellis/tasks/08-19-gaode-junction-reference/task.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7039bd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.trellis/tasks/08-19-gaode-junction-reference/task.json
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+{
+  "id": "gaode-junction-reference",
+  "name": "gaode-junction-reference",
+  "title": "Parameterize junction geometry with optional Gaode reference",
+  "description": "",
+  "status": "in_progress",
+  "dev_type": null,
+  "scope": null,
+  "package": null,
+  "priority": "P2",
+  "creator": "dingkang",
+  "assignee": "dingkang",
+  "createdAt": "2026-08-19",
+  "completedAt": null,
+  "branch": null,
+  "base_branch": "fengshu-er-road",
+  "worktree_path": null,
+  "commit": null,
+  "pr_url": null,
+  "subtasks": [],
+  "children": [],
+  "parent": null,
+  "relatedFiles": [],
+  "notes": "",
+  "meta": {}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/blender/README.md b/blender/README.md
index c202af0..1b7cab0 100644
--- a/blender/README.md
+++ b/blender/README.md
@@ -55,6 +55,20 @@ npm run build:area -- --config config/areas/nantaizi-lake-innovation-valley.json
 
 ## 导出为 Cesium GLB
 
+导出脚本会优先使用 `tqdm` 显示固定在终端底部的进度条、速率和 ETA。它是可选依赖；未安装
+时脚本自动回退为普通的 `CESIUM_EXPORT_PROGRESS` 日志，不会阻止导出。
+
+macOS Blender 可用自带 Python 安装依赖：
+
+```bash
+/Applications/Blender.app/Contents/Resources/4.5/python/bin/python3.11 \
+  -m pip install -r blender/requirements.txt
+```
+
+若 Blender 安装路径或版本不同，使用对应的 `Resources/<version>/python/bin/python3.*`。
+安装后必须使用同一 Blender 安装启动导出脚本，系统 Python 中安装的 `tqdm` 不会自动被
+Blender 发现。
+
 ```bash
 /Applications/Blender.app/Contents/MacOS/Blender \
   --background \
diff --git a/blender/export_cesium.py b/blender/export_cesium.py
index d627d62..08cfe3a 100644
--- a/blender/export_cesium.py
+++ b/blender/export_cesium.py
@@ -16,6 +16,11 @@ import sys
 import bpy
 import numpy as np
 
+try:
+    from tqdm import tqdm
+except ImportError:
+    tqdm = None
+
 # --factory-startup does not put the script's own directory on sys.path, so the
 # osmassets package next to this file is not importable without this.
 _HERE = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
@@ -603,9 +608,39 @@ def semantic_asset_specs(glb_path, meshes):
     return specs
 
 
+class ExportProgress:
+    """Use tqdm when available, while keeping Blender builds dependency-free."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.percent = 0
+        self.bar = tqdm(total=100, desc="Cesium export", unit="%",
+                        dynamic_ncols=True, mininterval=0.2,
+                        disable=tqdm is None) if tqdm else None
+
+    def update(self, stage, percent, detail=""):
+        percent = max(self.percent, min(100, float(percent)))
+        delta = percent - self.percent
+        self.percent = percent
+        if self.bar:
+            self.bar.set_description("Cesium export | %s" % stage)
+            self.bar.set_postfix_str(detail, refresh=False)
+            if delta:
+                self.bar.update(delta)
+            self.bar.refresh()
+            return
+        suffix = " - " + detail if detail else ""
+        print("CESIUM_EXPORT_PROGRESS %3.0f%% [%s]%s" % (percent, stage, suffix), flush=True)
+
+    def close(self):
+        if self.bar:
+            self.bar.close()
+
+
 def export(args):
     if not os.path.exists(args["blend"]):
         raise FileNotFoundError(args["blend"])
+    progress = ExportProgress()
+    progress.update("load scene", 1, os.path.basename(args["blend"]))
     bpy.ops.wm.open_mainfile(filepath=args["blend"])
 
     material_map = {}
@@ -613,13 +648,13 @@ def export(args):
     dynamic_meshes = []
     countdown_meshes = {0: [], 1: []}
     unwrapped = set()
-    for obj in bpy.context.scene.objects:
-        if obj.type != "MESH":
-            continue
-        if obj.name == "Ground Plane":
-            continue
-        if obj.hide_viewport or obj.hide_render:
-            continue
+    scene_objects = list(bpy.context.scene.objects)
+    candidates = [obj for obj in scene_objects
+                  if obj.type == "MESH" and obj.name != "Ground Plane"
+                  and not obj.hide_viewport and not obj.hide_render]
+    total_candidates = max(1, len(candidates))
+    progress.update("prepare scene", 3, "%d mesh objects" % len(candidates))
+    for index, obj in enumerate(candidates, 1):
         if any(c.name == "06_TrafficSignalsDynamic" for c in obj.users_collection):
             groups = {slot.material.name for slot in obj.material_slots if slot.material}
             group = (0 if any("Countdown Group 0" in name for name in groups)
@@ -650,21 +685,36 @@ def export(args):
             if source.name not in material_map:
                 material_map[source.name] = make_export_material(source)
             slot.material = material_map[source.name]
+        if index == total_candidates or index % max(1, total_candidates // 50) == 0:
+            progress.update("prepare scene", 3 + 42 * index / total_candidates,
+                            "%d/%d objects, %d materials" % (index, total_candidates, len(material_map)))
 
-    export_glb(args["glb"], meshes)
+    semantic_assets = semantic_asset_specs(args["glb"], meshes)
+    exports = [(args["glb"], meshes, "main scene")]
     if args.get("dynamic_glb"):
         if not dynamic_meshes:
             raise RuntimeError("Dynamic traffic signal collection is empty")
-        export_glb(args["dynamic_glb"], dynamic_meshes)
+        exports.append((args["dynamic_glb"], dynamic_meshes, "dynamic signals"))
     for group, key in ((0, "countdown_0_glb"), (1, "countdown_1_glb")):
         if not args.get(key):
             continue
         if not countdown_meshes[group]:
             raise RuntimeError("Traffic countdown collection %d is empty" % group)
-        export_glb(args[key], countdown_meshes[group])
-    semantic_assets = semantic_asset_specs(args["glb"], meshes)
+        exports.append((args[key], countdown_meshes[group], "countdown group %d" % group))
     for asset in semantic_assets:
-        export_glb(asset["path"], asset["meshes"])
+        exports.append((asset["path"], asset["meshes"], "%s layer" % asset["id"]))
+
+    total_export_objects = max(1, sum(len(objects) for _, objects, _ in exports))
+    completed_export_objects = 0
+    for filepath, objects, label in exports:
+        start_percent = 45 + 50 * completed_export_objects / total_export_objects
+        end_percent = 45 + 50 * (completed_export_objects + len(objects)) / total_export_objects
+        progress.update("export GLB", start_percent,
+                        "%s (%d objects)" % (label, len(objects)))
+        export_glb(filepath, objects)
+        completed_export_objects += len(objects)
+        progress.update("export GLB", end_percent, "%s complete" % label)
+    progress.update("write metadata", 97)
 
     scene = bpy.context.scene
     try:
@@ -711,6 +761,8 @@ def export(args):
         json.dump(metadata, handle, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
         handle.write("\n")
 
+    progress.update("complete", 100, "all assets exported")
+    progress.close()
     print("CESIUM_EXPORT_DONE", json.dumps({
         "glb": args["glb"], "metadata": args["metadata"],
         "meshes": len(meshes), "materials": len(material_map),
diff --git a/blender/requirements.txt b/blender/requirements.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6f218f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/blender/requirements.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Optional runtime helper for export_cesium.py progress display.
+tqdm>=4.66,<5
diff --git a/config/areas/fengshu-er-road.json b/config/areas/fengshu-er-road.json
index cabc279..266a514 100644
--- a/config/areas/fengshu-er-road.json
+++ b/config/areas/fengshu-er-road.json
@@ -25,7 +25,24 @@
     "enabled": false
   },
   "nativeRoad": {
-    "edgeLines": false
+    "edgeLines": false,
+    "junctionTemplates": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "references": [],
+      "clusters": [
+        {
+          "id": "zhushanhu-fengshu-complex",
+          "template": "complex-junction-v1",
+          "referenceFile": "/Users/que01/osm2streets-qgis-workflow/inputs/osm/珠山湖大道（枫树二路）口.geojson",
+          "approachWidthMultiplier": 1.45,
+          "approachLengthMeters": 32,
+          "coreRadiusMeters": 28,
+          "cornerRadiusMeters": 25,
+          "outerRadiusExtraMeters": 24,
+          "nodeIds": ["8005332807", "8024512135", "8024512145", "8024512147"]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
   },
   "osm2streets": {
     "debug_each_step": false,
diff --git a/config/examples/template.json b/config/examples/template.json
index 45cff31..3b3f221 100644
--- a/config/examples/template.json
+++ b/config/examples/template.json
@@ -25,7 +25,12 @@
     "enabled": false
   },
   "nativeRoad": {
-    "edgeLines": false
+    "edgeLines": false,
+    "junctionTemplates": {
+      "enabled": false,
+      "references": [],
+      "clusters": []
+    }
   },
   "osm2streets": {
     "debug_each_step": false,
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 950463b..4dc0b12 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -12,10 +12,12 @@
     "diagnose:area": "node scripts/diagnose-area.js",
     "preflight:area": "node scripts/preflight-area.js",
     "road:compile": "node scripts/compile-native-roads.js",
+    "reference:junction": "node scripts/inspect-junction-reference.js",
     "road:check": "node scripts/check-native-roads.js",
     "road:workbench": "node scripts/road-workbench.js",
     "test:road-workbench": "node scripts/test-road-workbench.js",
     "test:native-road": "node scripts/test-native-road.js",
+    "test:gaode-junction-reference": "node scripts/test-gaode-junction-reference.js",
     "test:preflight": "node scripts/test-area-preflight.js",
     "test:build-stages": "node scripts/test-build-stages.js",
     "test:budgets": "node scripts/test-asset-budgets.js",
diff --git a/scripts/compile-native-roads.js b/scripts/compile-native-roads.js
index b1d2eb6..b7b478c 100644
--- a/scripts/compile-native-roads.js
+++ b/scripts/compile-native-roads.js
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ function compileArea(configPath) {
   const model = compileRoadModel(fs.readFileSync(area.input, "utf8"), overrides);
   validateOverrides(overrides, model);
   fs.mkdirSync(area.outputs.pipelineDir, { recursive: true });
-  const compiled = compileGeometry(model, overrides, { edgeLines: area.nativeRoad.edgeLines });
+  const compiled = compileGeometry(model, overrides, { edgeLines: area.nativeRoad.edgeLines, junctionTemplates: area.nativeRoad.junctionTemplates });
   const signalDocument = loadOrGenerate(area.outputs.nativeTrafficSignals, fs.readFileSync(area.input, "utf8"), compiled.vehicleStopLines, compiled.intersectionSurface);
   const signalRuntime = runtime(signalDocument);
   // Persist validation normalization, including one-time legacy heading migration.
diff --git a/scripts/inspect-junction-reference.js b/scripts/inspect-junction-reference.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0dd8f55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/inspect-junction-reference.js
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+"use strict";
+
+const fs = require("fs");
+const path = require("path");
+const { inspectReference, localReferenceSvg } = require("./lib/gaode-junction-reference");
+
+function parseArgs(argv) {
+  const result = {};
+  for (let index = 0; index < argv.length; index += 1) {
+    if (!argv[index].startsWith("--")) continue;
+    const key = argv[index].slice(2).replace(/-([a-z])/g, (_, letter) => letter.toUpperCase());
+    result[key] = argv[index + 1] && !argv[index + 1].startsWith("--") ? argv[++index] : "true";
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+function required(args, key) {
+  if (!args[key]) throw new Error(`--${key.replace(/[A-Z]/g, (letter) => `-${letter.toLowerCase()}`)} is required`);
+  return path.resolve(args[key]);
+}
+
+function main() {
+  const args = parseArgs(process.argv.slice(2));
+  const result = inspectReference({
+    referenceFile: required(args, "reference"),
+    osmFile: required(args, "osm"),
+    nativeIntersectionFile: required(args, "nativeIntersection"),
+    nativeRoadSurfaceFile: args.nativeRoadSurface ? path.resolve(args.nativeRoadSurface) : null,
+    nodeId: args.nodeId,
+    clusterId: args.clusterId,
+  });
+  const output = path.resolve(args.output || `${args.reference.replace(/\.geojson$/i, "")}-wgs84.geojson`);
+  const comparison = output.replace(/\.geojson$/i, "-comparison.json");
+  fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(output), { recursive: true });
+  fs.writeFileSync(output, `${JSON.stringify(result.converted, null, 2)}\n`);
+  fs.writeFileSync(comparison, `${JSON.stringify({ ...result, converted: undefined, matchedFeatures: undefined }, null, 2)}\n`);
+  const svg = output.replace(/\.geojson$/i, "-overlay.svg");
+  // Draw whatever the comparison actually matched: a per-node junction surface
+  // for ordinary junctions, or the whole complex cluster for templated ones.
+  const matchingNative = { type: "FeatureCollection", features: result.matchedFeatures || [] };
+  fs.writeFileSync(svg, localReferenceSvg({ converted: result.converted, nativeIntersection: matchingNative, center: result.matchedOsmNode.coordinate }));
+  console.log(JSON.stringify({ output, comparison, svg, ...result, converted: undefined, matchedFeatures: undefined }, null, 2));
+}
+
+if (require.main === module) main();
diff --git a/scripts/lib/area-config.js b/scripts/lib/area-config.js
index 5f47c10..3ba229b 100644
--- a/scripts/lib/area-config.js
+++ b/scripts/lib/area-config.js
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ function normalizeAreaConfig(raw, options = {}) {
     },
     nativeRoad: {
       edgeLines: booleanOption(raw.nativeRoad?.edgeLines, false, "nativeRoad.edgeLines"),
+      junctionTemplates: normalizeJunctionTemplates(raw.nativeRoad?.junctionTemplates, repoRoot),
     },
     osm2streets: raw.osm2streets || {
       debug_each_step: false,
@@ -132,6 +133,44 @@ function normalizeAreaConfig(raw, options = {}) {
   };
 }
 
+function normalizeJunctionTemplates(raw, repoRoot) {
+  if (raw === undefined || raw === null) return { enabled: false, references: [] };
+  if (typeof raw !== "object" || Array.isArray(raw)) throw new Error("nativeRoad.junctionTemplates must be an object");
+  const enabled = booleanOption(raw.enabled, false, "nativeRoad.junctionTemplates.enabled");
+  if (raw.references !== undefined && !Array.isArray(raw.references)) throw new Error("nativeRoad.junctionTemplates.references must be an array");
+  const references = (raw.references || []).map((item, index) => {
+    if (!item || typeof item !== "object" || Array.isArray(item)) throw new Error(`nativeRoad.junctionTemplates.references[${index}] must be an object`);
+    const nodeId = requireText(item.nodeId, `nativeRoad.junctionTemplates.references[${index}].nodeId`);
+    const template = item.template ?? "cross-v1";
+    if (template !== "cross-v1") throw new Error(`nativeRoad.junctionTemplates.references[${index}].template must be \"cross-v1\"`);
+    const referenceFile = item.referenceFile ? path.resolve(item.referenceFile) : null;
+    const coordinateSystem = item.coordinateSystem ?? "GCJ-02";
+    if (coordinateSystem !== "GCJ-02") throw new Error(`nativeRoad.junctionTemplates.references[${index}].coordinateSystem must be \"GCJ-02\"`);
+    const cornerRadiusMultiplier = numberOption(item.cornerRadiusMultiplier, 1, `nativeRoad.junctionTemplates.references[${index}].cornerRadiusMultiplier`, 0.75, 1.25);
+    const cutbackMultiplier = numberOption(item.cutbackMultiplier, 1, `nativeRoad.junctionTemplates.references[${index}].cutbackMultiplier`, 1, 1.35);
+    const approachWidthMultiplier = numberOption(item.approachWidthMultiplier, 1, `nativeRoad.junctionTemplates.references[${index}].approachWidthMultiplier`, 1, 1.8);
+    const approachLengthMeters = numberOption(item.approachLengthMeters, 24, `nativeRoad.junctionTemplates.references[${index}].approachLengthMeters`, 10, 50);
+    return { nodeId, template, referenceFile, coordinateSystem, cornerRadiusMultiplier, cutbackMultiplier, approachWidthMultiplier, approachLengthMeters };
+  });
+  if (raw.clusters !== undefined && !Array.isArray(raw.clusters)) throw new Error("nativeRoad.junctionTemplates.clusters must be an array");
+  const clusters = (raw.clusters || []).map((item, index) => {
+    if (!item || typeof item !== "object" || Array.isArray(item)) throw new Error(`nativeRoad.junctionTemplates.clusters[${index}] must be an object`);
+    const id = requireText(item.id, `nativeRoad.junctionTemplates.clusters[${index}].id`);
+    const nodeIds = item.nodeIds;
+    if (!Array.isArray(nodeIds) || nodeIds.length < 2 || nodeIds.some((value) => typeof value !== "string" && typeof value !== "number")) throw new Error(`nativeRoad.junctionTemplates.clusters[${index}].nodeIds must contain at least two node ids`);
+    const template = item.template ?? "complex-junction-v1";
+    if (template !== "cross-cluster-v1" && template !== "complex-junction-v1") throw new Error(`nativeRoad.junctionTemplates.clusters[${index}].template must be \"cross-cluster-v1\" or \"complex-junction-v1\"`);
+    const referenceFile = item.referenceFile ? path.resolve(item.referenceFile) : null;
+    const approachWidthMultiplier = numberOption(item.approachWidthMultiplier, 1.45, `nativeRoad.junctionTemplates.clusters[${index}].approachWidthMultiplier`, 1, 1.8);
+    const approachLengthMeters = numberOption(item.approachLengthMeters, 32, `nativeRoad.junctionTemplates.clusters[${index}].approachLengthMeters`, 10, 50);
+    const coreRadiusMeters = numberOption(item.coreRadiusMeters, 28, `nativeRoad.junctionTemplates.clusters[${index}].coreRadiusMeters`, 12, 80);
+    const cornerRadiusMeters = numberOption(item.cornerRadiusMeters, 12, `nativeRoad.junctionTemplates.clusters[${index}].cornerRadiusMeters`, 4, 25);
+    const outerRadiusExtraMeters = numberOption(item.outerRadiusExtraMeters, 18, `nativeRoad.junctionTemplates.clusters[${index}].outerRadiusExtraMeters`, 18, 35);
+    return { id, nodeIds: nodeIds.map(String), template, referenceFile, approachWidthMultiplier, approachLengthMeters, coreRadiusMeters, cornerRadiusMeters, outerRadiusExtraMeters };
+  });
+  return { enabled, references, clusters };
+}
+
 function normalizeBudgetConfig(raw) {
   if (raw !== undefined && raw !== null && (typeof raw !== "object" || Array.isArray(raw))) {
     throw new Error("budget must be an object");
diff --git a/scripts/lib/complex-junction.js b/scripts/lib/complex-junction.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3a072b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/lib/complex-junction.js
@@ -0,0 +1,468 @@
+"use strict";
+
+const fs = require("fs");
+const { convertGeoJson, boundsOf } = require("./gaode-junction-reference");
+const metricsCache = new WeakMap();
+const CORNER_FILLET_SEGMENTS = 12;
+// Must match DEFAULT_SIDEWALK_WIDTH_METERS in native-road.js so the corner band
+// lines up with the straight strips it joins.
+const SIDEWALK_WIDTH_METERS = 2;
+// The straight strips are trimmed against the cluster boundary using the road
+// centerline, so they stop a little beyond the carriageway end. Run the corner
+// past that end and let the two overlap rather than chase an exact seam.
+const SIDEWALK_CORNER_OVERRUN_METERS = 6;
+
+function buildComplexJunctionGeometry(model, cluster, helpers) {
+  const nodeIds = new Set(cluster.nodeIds.map(String));
+  const nodes = cluster.nodeIds.map((id) => helpers.junctionPlans.get(String(id))?.node).filter(Boolean);
+  if (nodes.length < 2) return { features: [], diagnostics: [helpers.diagnostic("warning", `junction-cluster:${cluster.id}`, [...nodeIds], "complex-junction-insufficient-nodes", "复合路口至少需要两个有效节点。", null)] };
+  const center = nodes.reduce((sum, point) => [sum[0] + point[0] / nodes.length, sum[1] + point[1] / nodes.length], [0, 0]);
+  const approaches = [];
+  const carriageways = [];
+  for (const [nodeId, plan] of helpers.junctionPlans) {
+    if (!nodeIds.has(String(nodeId))) continue;
+    for (const approach of plan.approaches) {
+      const endpoint = approach.line.at(-1);
+      if (nodes.some((node) => node !== plan.node && helpers.distanceMeters(endpoint, node) < 4)) continue;
+      const heading = helpers.headingAtEndpoint(approach.line);
+      const length = helpers.lineLengthMeters(approach.line);
+      carriageways.push({ nodeId, approach, plan, heading, length });
+      if (approaches.some((item) => Math.abs(normalizeHeading(item.heading - heading)) < 20)) continue;
+      approaches.push({ nodeId, approach, plan, heading, length });
+    }
+  }
+  if (approaches.length < 3) return { features: [], diagnostics: [helpers.diagnostic("warning", `junction-cluster:${cluster.id}`, [...nodeIds], "complex-junction-insufficient-approaches", "复合路口无法识别足够的外部进口。", center)] };
+  const { calibration, coreRadius } = complexJunctionMetrics(cluster);
+  const sorted = [...approaches].sort((a, b) => a.heading - b.heading);
+  const arms = sorted.map((representative) => ({
+    representative,
+    heading: averageHeading(carriageways.filter((candidate) => Math.abs(normalizeHeading(candidate.heading - representative.heading)) < 20).map((candidate) => candidate.heading)),
+    members: carriageways.filter((candidate) => Math.abs(normalizeHeading(candidate.heading - representative.heading)) < 20),
+  }));
+  const outerRadius = complexJunctionMetrics(cluster).approachOuterRadius;
+  const boundaryParts = [];
+  const crosswalks = [];
+  const stopLines = [];
+  const islands = [];
+  const armCrosswalkRadius = coreRadius * .68;
+  for (const item of carriageways) {
+    const outer = pointOnCarriagewayRadius(item, center, outerRadius, helpers);
+    const inner = pointOnCarriagewayRadius(item, center, coreRadius * .7, helpers);
+    const outerHalf = item.approach.widthMeters / 2;
+    const innerHalf = outerHalf;
+    boundaryParts.push({ item, outer, inner, outerHalf, innerHalf });
+    const incomingRoad = item.approach.roadIds.map((roadId) => model.roads.find((road) => road.id === roadId)).find((road) => String(road?.sourceNodeIds.at(-1)) === String(item.nodeId));
+    if (incomingRoad) {
+      // Keep the stop bar just outside the road crosswalk. The previous fixed
+      // core-radius offset placed it nearly ten metres beyond the crossing.
+      const stopCenter = pointOnCarriagewayRadius(item, center, armCrosswalkRadius + 3, helpers);
+      const ring = [
+        helpers.offsetCoordinate(helpers.offsetCoordinate(stopCenter, item.heading + 90, -outerHalf), item.heading, -.24),
+        helpers.offsetCoordinate(helpers.offsetCoordinate(stopCenter, item.heading + 90, outerHalf), item.heading, -.24),
+        helpers.offsetCoordinate(helpers.offsetCoordinate(stopCenter, item.heading + 90, outerHalf), item.heading, .24),
+        helpers.offsetCoordinate(helpers.offsetCoordinate(stopCenter, item.heading + 90, -outerHalf), item.heading, .24),
+        helpers.offsetCoordinate(helpers.offsetCoordinate(stopCenter, item.heading + 90, -outerHalf), item.heading, -.24),
+      ];
+      stopLines.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `complex-stop-line:${cluster.id}:${item.approach.segmentId}`, cluster_id: cluster.id, kind: "complex-stop-line", road_id: incomingRoad.id, node_id: item.nodeId, direction: item.heading, provenance: "native-road-complex-junction-stop-line/v1" }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring] } });
+    }
+  }
+  // The four support lines provide a common corner frame, but each long
+  // crossing remains clipped to its OSM-derived road envelope. Corner islands
+  // fill the remaining frame gaps; crossings must never do that job.
+  for (const arm of arms) {
+    const envelope = armEnvelopeAtRadius(arm, armCrosswalkRadius, center, helpers);
+    if (!envelope) continue;
+    arm.crosswalkFrame = {
+      center: envelope.center,
+      groupDepth: 3.4,
+      supportHeading: normalizeHeading(arm.heading + 90),
+      envelopeWidthMeters: envelope.widthMeters,
+    };
+  }
+  const frameCorners = arms.map((arm, index) => {
+    const next = arms[(index + 1) % arms.length];
+    const delta = positiveHeadingDelta(arm.heading, next.heading);
+    if (delta < 45 || delta > 135 || !arm.crosswalkFrame || !next.crosswalkFrame) return null;
+    return supportLineIntersection(arm.crosswalkFrame, next.crosswalkFrame, center);
+  });
+  for (let index = 0; index < arms.length; index += 1) {
+    const arm = arms[index];
+    if (!arm.crosswalkFrame) continue;
+    const item = arm.representative;
+    const roadEdgeInset = .35;
+    const usableSpan = Math.max(.42, arm.crosswalkFrame.envelopeWidthMeters - roadEdgeInset * 2);
+    const endpoints = [
+      helpers.offsetCoordinate(arm.crosswalkFrame.center, arm.heading + 90, -usableSpan / 2),
+      helpers.offsetCoordinate(arm.crosswalkFrame.center, arm.heading + 90, usableSpan / 2),
+    ];
+    const groupDepth = arm.crosswalkFrame.groupDepth;
+    const stripeWidth = .42;
+    const stripeCount = Math.max(6, Math.floor((usableSpan - stripeWidth) / .82) + 1);
+    const stripeSpacing = stripeCount > 1 ? (usableSpan - stripeWidth) / (stripeCount - 1) : 0;
+    arm.crosswalkFrame.center = midpoint(...endpoints);
+    arm.crosswalkFrame.endpoints = endpoints;
+    arm.crosswalkFrame.spanMeters = usableSpan;
+    arm.crosswalkFrame.roadEdgeInsetMeters = roadEdgeInset;
+    for (let stripe = 0; stripe < stripeCount; stripe += 1) {
+      const along = stripeWidth / 2 + stripe * stripeSpacing;
+      const centerPoint = helpers.offsetCoordinate(endpoints[0], bearing(...endpoints), along);
+      const ring = [
+        helpers.offsetCoordinate(helpers.offsetCoordinate(centerPoint, arm.heading, -groupDepth / 2), arm.heading + 90, -stripeWidth / 2),
+        helpers.offsetCoordinate(helpers.offsetCoordinate(centerPoint, arm.heading, groupDepth / 2), arm.heading + 90, -stripeWidth / 2),
+        helpers.offsetCoordinate(helpers.offsetCoordinate(centerPoint, arm.heading, groupDepth / 2), arm.heading + 90, stripeWidth / 2),
+        helpers.offsetCoordinate(helpers.offsetCoordinate(centerPoint, arm.heading, -groupDepth / 2), arm.heading + 90, stripeWidth / 2),
+        helpers.offsetCoordinate(helpers.offsetCoordinate(centerPoint, arm.heading, -groupDepth / 2), arm.heading + 90, -stripeWidth / 2),
+      ];
+      crosswalks.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `complex-crosswalk:${cluster.id}:${item.nodeId}:${item.approach.segmentId}:${stripe + 1}`, cluster_id: cluster.id, kind: "complex-crosswalk", crossing_node_id: item.nodeId, road_id: item.approach.roadIds[0], direction: arm.heading, radial_distance_m: armCrosswalkRadius, span_m: usableSpan, road_envelope_span_m: arm.crosswalkFrame.envelopeWidthMeters, road_edge_inset_m: roadEdgeInset, group_depth_m: groupDepth, stripe_width_m: stripeWidth, stripe_spacing_m: stripeSpacing, frame_center: arm.crosswalkFrame.center, frame_support_heading: arm.crosswalkFrame.supportHeading, provenance: "native-road-complex-junction-crosswalk/v6-road-clipped" }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring] } });
+    }
+  }
+  // The four arm groups are the sides of one pedestrian frame. Each diagonal
+  // group is anchored at the intersection of its adjacent side support lines,
+  // so all eight groups stay one composition when the OSM arms are skewed.
+  for (let index = 0; index < arms.length; index += 1) {
+    const first = arms[index];
+    const second = arms[(index + 1) % arms.length];
+    const delta = positiveHeadingDelta(first.heading, second.heading);
+    if (delta < 45 || delta > 135) continue;
+    if (!first.crosswalkFrame || !second.crosswalkFrame) continue;
+    const bisector = normalizeHeading(first.heading + delta / 2);
+    const frameCorner = frameCorners[index];
+    if (!frameCorner) continue;
+    const cornerStripeSpacing = .62;
+    const cornerStripeWidth = .4;
+    const cornerGroupHalfDepth = (5 * cornerStripeSpacing + cornerStripeWidth) / 2;
+    const endpointForCorner = (arm) => [...arm.crosswalkFrame.endpoints].sort((a, b) => helpers.distanceMeters(a, frameCorner) - helpers.distanceMeters(b, frameCorner))[0];
+    const outerEdgeAtCorner = (arm) => {
+      const endpoint = endpointForCorner(arm);
+      return [arm.heading, arm.heading + 180]
+        .map((heading) => helpers.offsetCoordinate(endpoint, heading, arm.crosswalkFrame.groupDepth / 2))
+        .sort((a, b) => directionalProjectionMeters(center, b, bisector) - directionalProjectionMeters(center, a, bisector))[0];
+    };
+    const islandBaseGap = .05;
+    const islandApexOffset = 1.5;
+    const islandBase = [outerEdgeAtCorner(first), outerEdgeAtCorner(second)].map((point) => helpers.offsetCoordinate(point, bisector, islandBaseGap));
+    const islandApex = helpers.offsetCoordinate(frameCorner, bisector, islandApexOffset);
+    const islandCrossingClearance = .2;
+    const cornerCrossingOffset = islandApexOffset + islandCrossingClearance + cornerGroupHalfDepth;
+    const islandInnerRadius = Math.min(...islandBase.map((point) => directionalProjectionMeters(center, point, bisector)));
+    const islandOuterRadius = directionalProjectionMeters(center, islandApex, bisector);
+    const cornerCrossingCenter = helpers.offsetCoordinate(frameCorner, bisector, cornerCrossingOffset);
+    const islandRing = roundedPolygonRing([islandBase[0], islandApex, islandBase[1]], .24);
+    islands.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `complex-corner-island:${cluster.id}:${index + 1}`, cluster_id: cluster.id, kind: "complex-corner-island", corner_index: index + 1, from_heading: first.heading, to_heading: second.heading, frame_corner: frameCorner, base_points: islandBase, apex_point: islandApex, inner_radius_m: islandInnerRadius, outer_radius_m: islandOuterRadius, base_width_m: helpers.distanceMeters(...islandBase), crossing_clearance_m: islandCrossingClearance, corner_rounding_ratio: .24, provenance: "native-road-complex-junction-corner/v7-road-gap-fill" }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [islandRing] } });
+
+    let cornerCrossingHalfSpan = .4;
+    for (let stripe = 0; stripe < 6; stripe += 1) {
+      const stripeOffset = (stripe - 2.5) * cornerStripeSpacing;
+      const stripeCenter = helpers.offsetCoordinate(cornerCrossingCenter, bisector, stripeOffset);
+      const stripeRadius = directionalProjectionMeters(center, stripeCenter, bisector);
+      const curbPair = limitedCornerPair(first, second, stripeRadius, bisector, center, 6.5, helpers);
+      if (!curbPair) continue;
+      const halfSpan = Math.max(.4, Math.min(6.5, helpers.distanceMeters(...curbPair)) / 2);
+      cornerCrossingHalfSpan = Math.max(cornerCrossingHalfSpan, halfSpan);
+      const stripePair = [
+        helpers.offsetCoordinate(stripeCenter, bisector - 90, halfSpan),
+        helpers.offsetCoordinate(stripeCenter, bisector + 90, halfSpan),
+      ];
+      const ring = [
+        helpers.offsetCoordinate(stripePair[0], bisector, -cornerStripeWidth / 2),
+        helpers.offsetCoordinate(stripePair[1], bisector, -cornerStripeWidth / 2),
+        helpers.offsetCoordinate(stripePair[1], bisector, cornerStripeWidth / 2),
+        helpers.offsetCoordinate(stripePair[0], bisector, cornerStripeWidth / 2),
+        helpers.offsetCoordinate(stripePair[0], bisector, -cornerStripeWidth / 2),
+      ];
+      crosswalks.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `complex-corner-crosswalk:${cluster.id}:${index + 1}:${stripe + 1}`, cluster_id: cluster.id, kind: "complex-corner-crosswalk", corner_index: index + 1, direction: bisector, radial_distance_m: stripeRadius, frame_corner: frameCorner, from_heading: first.heading, to_heading: second.heading, provenance: "native-road-complex-junction-corner-crosswalk/v3" }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring] } });
+    }
+  }
+  // Each carriageway ends in its own rectangle, so adjacent arms meet at a
+  // sharp notch instead of a curb. A real corner is one tangent-continuous
+  // sweep between the two outermost road edges, so fit a fixed-radius fillet
+  // into the wedge those edges form and fill the sector behind it.
+  const cornerFills = [];
+  const sidewalkCorners = [];
+  const cornerDiagnostics = [];
+  const cornerRadius = Math.max(4, Math.min(25, Number(cluster.cornerRadiusMeters) || 12));
+  for (let index = 0; index < arms.length; index += 1) {
+    const first = arms[index];
+    const second = arms[(index + 1) % arms.length];
+    const delta = positiveHeadingDelta(first.heading, second.heading);
+    if (delta < 45 || delta > 135) continue;
+    const bisector = normalizeHeading(first.heading + delta / 2);
+    const edges = [first, second].map((arm) => cornerEdgeAt(arm, coreRadius + 6, bisector, center, helpers));
+    if (!edges.every(Boolean)) continue;
+    const apex = rayIntersection(edges[0], edges[1], center);
+    const apexReach = apex ? directionalProjectionMeters(center, apex, bisector) : null;
+    // The wedge apex has to sit ahead of the core and inside the arm handoff;
+    // outside that band the two edges are near parallel and any fillet fitted
+    // to them would sweep across the carriageways instead of the corner.
+    if (apexReach === null || apexReach < 1 || apexReach > outerRadius) {
+      cornerDiagnostics.push(helpers.diagnostic("warning", `junction-cluster:${cluster.id}`, [...nodeIds], "complex-junction-corner-fillet-fallback", "该夹角的道路边缘切线无法安全构造圆角，已保留直角过渡。", center));
+      continue;
+    }
+    // Tangent distance for a circle of `cornerRadius` inscribed in a wedge of
+    // opening `delta`, clamped so the tangent points stay on the built arms.
+    const tangentDistance = Math.min(cornerRadius / Math.tan(delta * Math.PI / 360), Math.max(2, outerRadius - apexReach));
+    const tangents = edges.map((edge) => helpers.offsetCoordinate(apex, edge.heading, tangentDistance));
+    const curve = quadraticCurve(tangents[0], apex, tangents[1], CORNER_FILLET_SEGMENTS);
+    const ring = [...curve, center, curve[0]];
+    if (!ring.every((point) => point.every(Number.isFinite))) continue;
+    cornerFills.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `complex-corner-fillet:${cluster.id}:${index + 1}`, cluster_id: cluster.id, kind: "complex-corner-fillet", complex_part: "corner-fillet", corner_index: index + 1, from_heading: first.heading, to_heading: second.heading, bisector_heading: bisector, corner_radius_m: cornerRadius, tangent_distance_m: Math.round(tangentDistance * 100) / 100, apex_reach_m: Math.round(apexReach * 100) / 100, provenance: "native-road-complex-junction-corner-fillet/v1" }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring] } });
+
+    // The straight pedestrian strips are trimmed at the cluster boundary, so
+    // two arms that both carry a footway still meet as two loose ends across
+    // an empty wedge. Bridge them along the curb the fillet already defines.
+    // The corner faces clockwise from `first` and counter-clockwise from
+    // `second`, so each arm must carry the footway on that facing side.
+    if (!armCarriesSidewalk(first, model, true) || !armCarriesSidewalk(second, model, false)) continue;
+    const curb = [
+      ...edgeRunToRadius(apex, edges[0], tangentDistance, outerRadius + SIDEWALK_CORNER_OVERRUN_METERS, center, helpers).reverse(),
+      ...curve.slice(1, -1),
+      ...edgeRunToRadius(apex, edges[1], tangentDistance, outerRadius + SIDEWALK_CORNER_OVERRUN_METERS, center, helpers),
+    ];
+    const outerEdge = offsetPolylineAwayFromCenter(curb, center, SIDEWALK_WIDTH_METERS, helpers);
+    const sidewalkRing = [...curb, ...outerEdge.slice().reverse(), curb[0]];
+    if (!sidewalkRing.every((point) => point.every(Number.isFinite)) || ringSelfIntersects(sidewalkRing)) {
+      cornerDiagnostics.push(helpers.diagnostic("warning", `junction-cluster:${cluster.id}`, [...nodeIds], "complex-junction-sidewalk-corner-fallback", "该夹角的人行道转角几何自交或无效，已跳过，两侧步行带保持断开。", center));
+      continue;
+    }
+    sidewalkCorners.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `complex-sidewalk-corner:${cluster.id}:${index + 1}`, cluster_id: cluster.id, kind: "complex-sidewalk-corner", corner_index: index + 1, from_heading: first.heading, to_heading: second.heading, bisector_heading: bisector, width_m: SIDEWALK_WIDTH_METERS, overrun_m: SIDEWALK_CORNER_OVERRUN_METERS, provenance: "native-road-complex-junction-sidewalk-corner/v1" }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [sidewalkRing] } });
+  }
+  const corePoints = boundaryParts.flatMap(({ item, inner, innerHalf }) => [helpers.offsetCoordinate(inner, item.heading + 90, innerHalf), helpers.offsetCoordinate(inner, item.heading - 90, innerHalf)]).sort((first, second) => angleAround(center, first) - angleAround(center, second));
+  const coreRing = roundedPolygonRing(corePoints, .16);
+  const features = [{ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `complex-junction:${cluster.id}:core`, cluster_id: cluster.id, kind: "complex-core", complex_part: "core", center, radius_m: coreRadius, configured_radius_m: cluster.coreRadiusMeters, approach_count: approaches.length, carriageway_count: carriageways.length, approach_headings: sorted.map((item) => Math.round(item.heading * 10) / 10), corner_rounding_ratio: .16, provenance: "native-road-complex-junction/v6-rounded-core" }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [coreRing] } }];
+  for (const { item, outer, inner, outerHalf, innerHalf } of boundaryParts) {
+    const ring = [helpers.offsetCoordinate(outer, item.heading + 90, outerHalf), helpers.offsetCoordinate(inner, item.heading + 90, innerHalf), helpers.offsetCoordinate(inner, item.heading - 90, innerHalf), helpers.offsetCoordinate(outer, item.heading - 90, outerHalf), helpers.offsetCoordinate(outer, item.heading + 90, outerHalf)];
+    features.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `complex-junction:${cluster.id}:carriageway:${item.approach.segmentId}`, cluster_id: cluster.id, kind: "complex-approach", complex_part: "carriageway", heading_deg: item.heading, lane_count: item.approach.roadIds.reduce((sum, roadId) => sum + (model.roads.find((road) => road.id === roadId)?.laneCount || 0), 0), width_m: item.approach.widthMeters, provenance: "native-road-complex-junction/v5" }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring] } });
+  }
+  // Corner fills come last so they overlay the rectangular carriageway ends
+  // they are smoothing; they never replace an OSM-derived road surface.
+  features.push(...cornerFills);
+  // `coreRadiusMeters` is only consulted when there is no reference geometry.
+  // Under calibration the radius comes from the reference span, so a configured
+  // value that silently does nothing has to be reported, not swallowed.
+  const configuredRadiusIgnored = calibration && Number.isFinite(cluster.coreRadiusMeters) && Math.abs(coreRadius - cluster.coreRadiusMeters) > .5;
+  const configurationDiagnostics = configuredRadiusIgnored
+    ? [helpers.diagnostic("info", `junction-cluster:${cluster.id}`, [...nodeIds], "complex-junction-configured-radius-ignored", `已按参考几何校准核心半径为 ${Math.round(coreRadius * 10) / 10} 米，配置的 coreRadiusMeters=${cluster.coreRadiusMeters} 在有参考文件时不生效。`, center)]
+    : [];
+  return { features, islands: [...islands, ...sidewalkCorners], crosswalks, stopLines, center, approaches, diagnostics: [...cornerDiagnostics, ...configurationDiagnostics, helpers.diagnostic("info", `junction-cluster:${cluster.id}`, [...nodeIds], calibration ? "complex-junction-reference-calibrated" : "complex-junction-generated", calibration ? `已使用参考几何校准参数后，由 OSM/native 重新生成 ${approaches.length} 个进口、道路面、中央分隔带、斑马线和停止线。` : `已独立生成 ${approaches.length} 个进口、道路面、中央分隔带、斑马线和停止线。`, center)] };
+}
+
+function readReferenceCalibration(cluster) {
+  if (!cluster.referenceFile || !fs.existsSync(cluster.referenceFile)) return null;
+  try {
+    const converted = convertGeoJson(JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(cluster.referenceFile, "utf8")));
+    const bounds = boundsOf({ features: converted.features.filter((feature) => [1, 2, 3, 4].includes(Number(feature.properties?.type))) });
+    const lonScale = 111320 * Math.cos(((bounds.minLat + bounds.maxLat) / 2) * Math.PI / 180);
+    return { longSpanMeters: (bounds.maxLon - bounds.minLon) * lonScale, shortSpanMeters: (bounds.maxLat - bounds.minLat) * 111320 };
+  } catch (_) {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+function complexJunctionMetrics(cluster) {
+  if (metricsCache.has(cluster)) return metricsCache.get(cluster);
+  const calibration = readReferenceCalibration(cluster);
+  const coreRadius = calibration
+    ? Math.max(12, Math.min(24, calibration.shortSpanMeters * .14))
+    : Math.max(11, Math.min(17, cluster.coreRadiusMeters * .52));
+  const metrics = { calibration, coreRadius, approachOuterRadius: coreRadius + (Number(cluster.outerRadiusExtraMeters) || 18) };
+  metricsCache.set(cluster, metrics);
+  return metrics;
+}
+
+function normalizeHeading(value) { return ((value + 180) % 360 + 360) % 360 - 180; }
+
+// `arm.heading` points outward from the junction, so the corner clockwise from
+// it sits at heading+90 and the one counter-clockwise at heading-90. A road's
+// own sidewalk flags are relative to its digitisation direction, so flip them
+// whenever the arm runs against that direction.
+function armCarriesSidewalk(arm, model, cornerIsClockwise) {
+  return arm.members.some((member) => member.approach.roadIds
+    .map((roadId) => model.roads.find((road) => road.id === roadId))
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .some((road) => {
+      const outwardIsForward = String(road.sourceNodeIds[0]) === String(member.nodeId);
+      const onClockwiseSide = outwardIsForward ? road.sidewalkRight : road.sidewalkLeft;
+      const onCounterClockwiseSide = outwardIsForward ? road.sidewalkLeft : road.sidewalkRight;
+      return Boolean(cornerIsClockwise ? onClockwiseSide : onCounterClockwiseSide);
+    }));
+}
+
+// Walk outward along a wedge edge from its tangent point until the curb reaches
+// `targetRadius`, so the corner band overlaps the straight strip it joins.
+function edgeRunToRadius(apex, edge, tangentDistance, targetRadius, center, helpers) {
+  const points = [];
+  for (let extra = 0; extra <= 40; extra += 2) {
+    const point = helpers.offsetCoordinate(apex, edge.heading, tangentDistance + extra);
+    points.push(point);
+    if (helpers.distanceMeters(point, center) >= targetRadius) break;
+  }
+  return points;
+}
+
+// Offset each vertex along the polyline normal that increases distance from the
+// junction centre. The curb is star-shaped around that centre, so "farther from
+// the centre" is a reliable stand-in for "on the pedestrian side".
+function offsetPolylineAwayFromCenter(points, center, meters, helpers) {
+  return points.map((point, index) => {
+    const previous = points[Math.max(0, index - 1)];
+    const next = points[Math.min(points.length - 1, index + 1)];
+    const tangent = previous === next ? 0 : bearing(previous, next);
+    return [tangent + 90, tangent - 90]
+      .map((heading) => helpers.offsetCoordinate(point, heading, meters))
+      .sort((first, second) => helpers.distanceMeters(second, center) - helpers.distanceMeters(first, center))[0];
+  });
+}
+
+function ringSelfIntersects(ring) {
+  const cross = (a, b, c) => (b[0] - a[0]) * (c[1] - a[1]) - (b[1] - a[1]) * (c[0] - a[0]);
+  const straddles = (p1, p2, p3, p4) => {
+    const d1 = cross(p3, p4, p1); const d2 = cross(p3, p4, p2);
+    const d3 = cross(p1, p2, p3); const d4 = cross(p1, p2, p4);
+    return ((d1 > 0 && d2 < 0) || (d1 < 0 && d2 > 0)) && ((d3 > 0 && d4 < 0) || (d3 < 0 && d4 > 0));
+  };
+  for (let first = 0; first < ring.length - 1; first += 1) {
+    for (let second = first + 2; second < ring.length - 1; second += 1) {
+      if (first === 0 && second === ring.length - 2) continue;
+      if (straddles(ring[first], ring[first + 1], ring[second], ring[second + 1])) return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+function angleAround(center, point) { return Math.atan2(point[1] - center[1], point[0] - center[0]); }
+function signedLateralMeters(origin, point, heading) {
+  const east = (point[0] - origin[0]) * 111320 * Math.cos(origin[1] * Math.PI / 180);
+  const north = (point[1] - origin[1]) * 111320;
+  const radians = (heading + 90) * Math.PI / 180;
+  return east * Math.sin(radians) + north * Math.cos(radians);
+}
+function bearing(first, second) {
+  const east = (second[0] - first[0]) * Math.cos(first[1] * Math.PI / 180);
+  const north = second[1] - first[1];
+  return Math.atan2(east, north) * 180 / Math.PI;
+}
+function midpoint(first, second) { return [(first[0] + second[0]) / 2, (first[1] + second[1]) / 2]; }
+function averageHeading(headings) {
+  const vector = headings.reduce((sum, heading) => {
+    const radians = heading * Math.PI / 180;
+    return [sum[0] + Math.sin(radians), sum[1] + Math.cos(radians)];
+  }, [0, 0]);
+  return Math.atan2(vector[0], vector[1]) * 180 / Math.PI;
+}
+function positiveHeadingDelta(first, second) { return ((second - first) % 360 + 360) % 360; }
+function pointOnCarriagewayRadius(item, center, radius, helpers) {
+  const start = item.approach.line[0];
+  const startRadius = directionalProjectionMeters(center, start, item.heading);
+  return helpers.pointAlongLine(item.approach.line, Math.max(0, Math.min(item.length, radius - startRadius)));
+}
+function armEnvelopeAtRadius(arm, radius, center, helpers) {
+  if (!arm.members.length) return null;
+  const centers = arm.members.map((member) => pointOnCarriagewayRadius(member, center, radius, helpers));
+  const reference = centers[0];
+  let minimum = Infinity;
+  let maximum = -Infinity;
+  centers.forEach((point, index) => {
+    const lateral = signedLateralMeters(reference, point, arm.heading);
+    const halfWidth = arm.members[index].approach.widthMeters / 2;
+    minimum = Math.min(minimum, lateral - halfWidth);
+    maximum = Math.max(maximum, lateral + halfWidth);
+  });
+  if (!Number.isFinite(minimum) || maximum - minimum < 1) return null;
+  return { center: helpers.offsetCoordinate(reference, arm.heading + 90, (minimum + maximum) / 2), widthMeters: maximum - minimum };
+}
+function supportLineIntersection(first, second, origin) {
+  const lonScale = 111320 * Math.cos(origin[1] * Math.PI / 180);
+  const toLocal = (point) => [(point[0] - origin[0]) * lonScale, (point[1] - origin[1]) * 111320];
+  const firstPoint = toLocal(first.center);
+  const secondPoint = toLocal(second.center);
+  const direction = (heading) => {
+    const radians = heading * Math.PI / 180;
+    return [Math.sin(radians), Math.cos(radians)];
+  };
+  const firstDirection = direction(first.supportHeading);
+  const secondDirection = direction(second.supportHeading);
+  const denominator = firstDirection[0] * secondDirection[1] - firstDirection[1] * secondDirection[0];
+  if (Math.abs(denominator) < 1e-6) return null;
+  const delta = [secondPoint[0] - firstPoint[0], secondPoint[1] - firstPoint[1]];
+  const distanceAlongFirst = (delta[0] * secondDirection[1] - delta[1] * secondDirection[0]) / denominator;
+  const intersection = [firstPoint[0] + firstDirection[0] * distanceAlongFirst, firstPoint[1] + firstDirection[1] * distanceAlongFirst];
+  return [origin[0] + intersection[0] / lonScale, origin[1] + intersection[1] / 111320];
+}
+function limitedCornerPair(first, second, radius, bisector, center, maxWidth, helpers) {
+  const pair = [cornerEdgeAtRadius(first, radius, bisector, center, helpers), cornerEdgeAtRadius(second, radius, bisector, center, helpers)];
+  if (!pair.every(Boolean)) return null;
+  const width = helpers.distanceMeters(pair[0], pair[1]);
+  const middle = midpoint(pair[0], pair[1]);
+  const halfWidth = Math.max(.4, Math.min(width, maxWidth) / 2);
+  const acrossHeading = width > .1 ? bearing(pair[0], pair[1]) : bisector + 90;
+  return [helpers.offsetCoordinate(middle, acrossHeading + 180, halfWidth), helpers.offsetCoordinate(middle, acrossHeading, halfWidth)];
+}
+function cornerEdgeAtRadius(arm, radius, bisector, center, helpers) {
+  return cornerEdgeAt(arm, radius, bisector, center, helpers)?.point || null;
+}
+function cornerEdgeAt(arm, radius, bisector, center, helpers) {
+  const candidates = arm.members.flatMap((member) => {
+    const point = pointOnCarriagewayRadius(member, center, radius, helpers);
+    const halfWidth = member.approach.widthMeters / 2;
+    return [90, -90].map((side) => ({ point: helpers.offsetCoordinate(point, member.heading + side, halfWidth), heading: member.heading }));
+  });
+  return candidates.sort((first, second) => directionalProjectionMeters(center, second.point, bisector) - directionalProjectionMeters(center, first.point, bisector))[0] || null;
+}
+function rayIntersection(first, second, origin) {
+  const lonScale = 111320 * Math.cos(origin[1] * Math.PI / 180);
+  const toLocal = (point) => [(point[0] - origin[0]) * lonScale, (point[1] - origin[1]) * 111320];
+  const direction = (heading) => {
+    const radians = heading * Math.PI / 180;
+    return [Math.sin(radians), Math.cos(radians)];
+  };
+  const firstPoint = toLocal(first.point);
+  const secondPoint = toLocal(second.point);
+  const firstDirection = direction(first.heading);
+  const secondDirection = direction(second.heading);
+  const denominator = firstDirection[0] * secondDirection[1] - firstDirection[1] * secondDirection[0];
+  if (Math.abs(denominator) < 1e-4) return null;
+  const delta = [secondPoint[0] - firstPoint[0], secondPoint[1] - firstPoint[1]];
+  const distanceAlongFirst = (delta[0] * secondDirection[1] - delta[1] * secondDirection[0]) / denominator;
+  const local = [firstPoint[0] + firstDirection[0] * distanceAlongFirst, firstPoint[1] + firstDirection[1] * distanceAlongFirst];
+  if (!local.every(Number.isFinite)) return null;
+  return [origin[0] + local[0] / lonScale, origin[1] + local[1] / 111320];
+}
+function quadraticCurve(start, control, end, segments) {
+  const result = [];
+  for (let index = 0; index <= segments; index += 1) {
+    const t = index / segments;
+    const u = 1 - t;
+    result.push([u * u * start[0] + 2 * u * t * control[0] + t * t * end[0], u * u * start[1] + 2 * u * t * control[1] + t * t * end[1]]);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+function directionalProjectionMeters(origin, point, heading) {
+  const east = (point[0] - origin[0]) * 111320 * Math.cos(origin[1] * Math.PI / 180);
+  const north = (point[1] - origin[1]) * 111320;
+  const radians = heading * Math.PI / 180;
+  return east * Math.sin(radians) + north * Math.cos(radians);
+}
+function smoothClosedRing(vertices) {
+  // Curb-edge candidates can arrive in opposite winding orders when an OSM
+  // carriageway bends slightly. Sort this local corner only around its own
+  // centroid before rounding, avoiding a self-crossing safety island while
+  // keeping the global junction boundary fully OSM-driven.
+  const centroid = vertices.reduce((sum, point) => [sum[0] + point[0] / vertices.length, sum[1] + point[1] / vertices.length], [0, 0]);
+  const ordered = [...vertices].sort((first, second) => Math.atan2(first[1] - centroid[1], first[0] - centroid[0]) - Math.atan2(second[1] - centroid[1], second[0] - centroid[0]));
+  const points = ordered.flatMap((point, index) => {
+    const next = ordered[(index + 1) % ordered.length];
+    return [interpolateCoordinate(point, next, .18), interpolateCoordinate(point, next, .82)];
+  });
+  return [...points, points[0]];
+}
+function roundedPolygonRing(vertices, ratio) {
+  const points = vertices.flatMap((point, index) => {
+    const previous = vertices[(index - 1 + vertices.length) % vertices.length];
+    const next = vertices[(index + 1) % vertices.length];
+    return [interpolateCoordinate(previous, point, 1 - ratio), interpolateCoordinate(point, next, ratio)];
+  });
+  return [...points, points[0]];
+}
+function interpolateCoordinate(first, second, ratio) { return [first[0] + (second[0] - first[0]) * ratio, first[1] + (second[1] - first[1]) * ratio]; }
+
+module.exports = { buildComplexJunctionGeometry, complexJunctionMetrics };
diff --git a/scripts/lib/gaode-junction-reference.js b/scripts/lib/gaode-junction-reference.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d8eac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/lib/gaode-junction-reference.js
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+"use strict";
+
+const fs = require("fs");
+
+const PI = Math.PI;
+const EARTH_A = 6378245.0;
+const EARTH_EE = 0.00669342162296594323;
+
+function transformLat(x, y) {
+  let value = -100 + 2 * x + 3 * y + 0.2 * y * y + 0.1 * x * y + 0.2 * Math.sqrt(Math.abs(x));
+  value += (20 * Math.sin(6 * x * PI) + 20 * Math.sin(2 * x * PI)) * 2 / 3;
+  value += (20 * Math.sin(y * PI) + 40 * Math.sin(y / 3 * PI)) * 2 / 3;
+  value += (160 * Math.sin(y / 12 * PI) + 320 * Math.sin(y * PI / 30)) * 2 / 3;
+  return value;
+}
+
+function transformLon(x, y) {
+  let value = 300 + x + 2 * y + 0.1 * x * x + 0.1 * x * y + 0.1 * Math.sqrt(Math.abs(x));
+  value += (20 * Math.sin(6 * x * PI) + 20 * Math.sin(2 * x * PI)) * 2 / 3;
+  value += (20 * Math.sin(x * PI) + 40 * Math.sin(x / 3 * PI)) * 2 / 3;
+  value += (150 * Math.sin(x / 12 * PI) + 300 * Math.sin(x / 30 * PI)) * 2 / 3;
+  return value;
+}
+
+// This is the standard local inverse approximation used for GCJ-02 reference
+// data. It is intentionally kept separate from native road geometry, whose
+// source coordinates remain WGS84.
+function gcj02ToWgs84(coordinate) {
+  const [longitude, latitude] = coordinate;
+  if (!Number.isFinite(longitude) || !Number.isFinite(latitude)) throw new Error("Reference coordinate must be finite");
+  const dLat = transformLat(longitude - 105, latitude - 35);
+  const dLon = transformLon(longitude - 105, latitude - 35);
+  const radLat = latitude / 180 * PI;
+  const magic = 1 - EARTH_EE * Math.sin(radLat) ** 2;
+  const sqrtMagic = Math.sqrt(magic);
+  return [
+    longitude - dLon * 180 / (EARTH_A / sqrtMagic * Math.cos(radLat) * PI),
+    latitude - dLat * 180 / (EARTH_A * (1 - EARTH_EE) / (magic * sqrtMagic) * PI),
+  ];
+}
+
+function mapCoordinates(coordinates, mapper) {
+  if (typeof coordinates[0] === "number") return mapper(coordinates);
+  return coordinates.map((value) => mapCoordinates(value, mapper));
+}
+
+function convertGeoJson(document) {
+  if (!document || document.type !== "FeatureCollection" || !Array.isArray(document.features)) {
+    throw new Error("Reference must be a GeoJSON FeatureCollection");
+  }
+  return {
+    ...document,
+    crs: undefined,
+    features: document.features.map((feature) => {
+      if (!feature || !feature.geometry || !feature.geometry.coordinates) throw new Error("Reference feature is missing geometry");
+      return { ...feature, geometry: { ...feature.geometry, coordinates: mapCoordinates(feature.geometry.coordinates, gcj02ToWgs84) } };
+    }),
+  };
+}
+
+function coordinatesOf(document) {
+  const points = [];
+  for (const feature of document.features || []) walkCoordinates(feature.geometry?.coordinates, points);
+  return points;
+}
+
+function walkCoordinates(value, points) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(value) || !value.length) return;
+  if (typeof value[0] === "number") {
+    points.push(value);
+    return;
+  }
+  for (const child of value) walkCoordinates(child, points);
+}
+
+function boundsOf(document) {
+  const points = coordinatesOf(document);
+  if (!points.length) throw new Error("Reference contains no coordinates");
+  return {
+    minLon: Math.min(...points.map((point) => point[0])),
+    minLat: Math.min(...points.map((point) => point[1])),
+    maxLon: Math.max(...points.map((point) => point[0])),
+    maxLat: Math.max(...points.map((point) => point[1])),
+  };
+}
+
+function centerOf(bounds) {
+  return [(bounds.minLon + bounds.maxLon) / 2, (bounds.minLat + bounds.maxLat) / 2];
+}
+
+function distanceMeters(first, second) {
+  const lonScale = 111320 * Math.cos(first[1] * PI / 180);
+  return Math.hypot((second[0] - first[0]) * lonScale, (second[1] - first[1]) * 111320);
+}
+
+function parseOsmNodes(xml) {
+  const nodes = [];
+  for (const match of xml.matchAll(/<node\b([^>]*?)(?:\/>|>([\s\S]*?)<\/node>)/g)) {
+    const attrs = {};
+    for (const item of match[1].matchAll(/([:\w-]+)\s*=\s*(?:"([^"]*)"|'([^']*)')/g)) attrs[item[1]] = item[2] ?? item[3];
+    if (!attrs.id || !Number.isFinite(Number(attrs.lon)) || !Number.isFinite(Number(attrs.lat))) continue;
+    const tags = {};
+    for (const item of (match[2] || "").matchAll(/<tag\b([^>]*)\/?\s*>/g)) {
+      const tag = {};
+      for (const attr of item[1].matchAll(/([:\w-]+)\s*=\s*(?:"([^"]*)"|'([^']*)')/g)) tag[attr[1]] = attr[2] ?? attr[3];
+      if (tag.k) tags[tag.k] = tag.v || "";
+    }
+    nodes.push({ id: String(attrs.id), coordinate: [Number(attrs.lon), Number(attrs.lat)], tags });
+  }
+  return nodes;
+}
+
+function nearestNode(nodes, coordinate, nodeId) {
+  if (nodeId) {
+    const exact = nodes.find((node) => node.id === String(nodeId));
+    if (!exact) throw new Error(`OSM node not found: ${nodeId}`);
+    return { ...exact, distanceMeters: distanceMeters(exact.coordinate, coordinate), match: "node-id" };
+  }
+  const candidates = nodes.map((node) => ({ ...node, distanceMeters: distanceMeters(node.coordinate, coordinate) }));
+  candidates.sort((first, second) => first.distanceMeters - second.distanceMeters);
+  if (!candidates[0]) throw new Error("OSM contains no usable nodes");
+  return { ...candidates[0], match: "nearest-node" };
+}
+
+function bboxIntersectionRatio(first, second) {
+  const width = Math.max(0, Math.min(first.maxLon, second.maxLon) - Math.max(first.minLon, second.minLon));
+  const height = Math.max(0, Math.min(first.maxLat, second.maxLat) - Math.max(first.minLat, second.minLat));
+  const intersection = width * height;
+  const firstArea = Math.max(0, first.maxLon - first.minLon) * Math.max(0, first.maxLat - first.minLat);
+  const secondArea = Math.max(0, second.maxLon - second.minLon) * Math.max(0, second.maxLat - second.minLat);
+  return intersection / Math.max(firstArea + secondArea - intersection, Number.EPSILON);
+}
+
+// A complex junction is compiled as one cluster of `complex_part` polygons in
+// road_surface.geojson, not as a per-node feature in intersection_surface.
+// Match it by cluster id, or by whichever cluster core sits nearest the node.
+function complexClusterSurface(nativeRoadSurfaceFile, node, clusterId) {
+  if (!nativeRoadSurfaceFile || !fs.existsSync(nativeRoadSurfaceFile)) return null;
+  const surface = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(nativeRoadSurfaceFile, "utf8"));
+  const parts = (surface.features || []).filter((item) => item.properties?.cluster_id && item.properties?.complex_part);
+  const cores = parts.filter((item) => item.properties.complex_part === "core" && Array.isArray(item.properties.center));
+  if (!cores.length) return null;
+  const core = clusterId
+    ? cores.find((item) => String(item.properties.cluster_id) === String(clusterId))
+    : [...cores].sort((first, second) => distanceMeters(first.properties.center, node.coordinate) - distanceMeters(second.properties.center, node.coordinate))[0];
+  if (!core) return null;
+  const features = parts.filter((item) => item.properties.cluster_id === core.properties.cluster_id);
+  return { clusterId: core.properties.cluster_id, core, features };
+}
+
+function inspectReference({ referenceFile, osmFile, nativeIntersectionFile, nativeRoadSurfaceFile, nodeId, clusterId }) {
+  const source = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(referenceFile, "utf8"));
+  const converted = convertGeoJson(source);
+  const referenceBounds = boundsOf(converted);
+  const referenceCenter = centerOf(referenceBounds);
+  const nodes = parseOsmNodes(fs.readFileSync(osmFile, "utf8"));
+  const matchedNode = nearestNode(nodes, referenceCenter, nodeId);
+  const native = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(nativeIntersectionFile, "utf8"));
+  const feature = (native.features || []).find((item) => item.properties?.osm_node_id === matchedNode.id);
+  const cluster = feature ? null : complexClusterSurface(nativeRoadSurfaceFile, matchedNode, clusterId);
+  const matchedFeatures = feature ? [feature] : cluster?.features || null;
+  const nativeBounds = matchedFeatures ? boundsOf({ features: matchedFeatures }) : null;
+  const diagnostics = [];
+  if (!matchedFeatures) diagnostics.push(nativeRoadSurfaceFile ? "No native intersection surface or complex cluster matched the OSM node" : "No native intersection surface matched the OSM node; pass --native-road-surface to also search complex junction clusters");
+  return {
+    schema: "gaode-junction-reference-comparison/v2",
+    source: { file: referenceFile, coordinateSystem: "GCJ-02", featureCount: converted.features.length },
+    conversion: { target: "WGS84", method: "gcj02-inverse-approximation" },
+    reference: { bounds: referenceBounds, center: referenceCenter },
+    matchedOsmNode: { id: matchedNode.id, coordinate: matchedNode.coordinate, tags: matchedNode.tags, match: matchedNode.match, centerDistanceMeters: matchedNode.distanceMeters },
+    nativeIntersection: nativeBounds ? {
+      kind: feature ? "junction-node" : "complex-cluster",
+      clusterId: cluster?.clusterId || null,
+      featureCount: matchedFeatures.length,
+      bounds: nativeBounds,
+      bboxIoU: bboxIntersectionRatio(referenceBounds, nativeBounds),
+      centerOffsetMeters: distanceMeters(referenceCenter, centerOf(nativeBounds)),
+      featureProperties: feature ? feature.properties : cluster.core.properties,
+    } : null,
+    diagnostics,
+    converted,
+    matchedFeatures,
+  };
+}
+
+function localReferenceSvg({ converted, nativeIntersection, center, radiusMeters = 180 }) {
+  const width = 1000;
+  const height = 1000;
+  const lonScale = 111320 * Math.cos(center[1] * PI / 180);
+  const project = (point) => [
+    width / 2 + (point[0] - center[0]) * lonScale * width / (radiusMeters * 2),
+    height / 2 - (point[1] - center[1]) * 111320 * height / (radiusMeters * 2),
+  ];
+  const pathFor = (coordinates) => {
+    const parts = [];
+    const appendLine = (line, close) => {
+      if (!line?.length) return;
+      const [firstX, firstY] = project(line[0]);
+      parts.push(`M ${firstX.toFixed(1)} ${firstY.toFixed(1)}`);
+      for (const point of line.slice(1)) {
+        const [x, y] = project(point);
+        parts.push(`L ${x.toFixed(1)} ${y.toFixed(1)}`);
+      }
+      if (close) parts.push("Z");
+    };
+    const visit = (value) => {
+      if (!Array.isArray(value) || !value.length) return;
+      if (typeof value[0] === "number") return;
+      if (typeof value[0][0] === "number") appendLine(value, value.length > 2);
+      else value.forEach(visit);
+    };
+    visit(coordinates);
+    return parts.join(" ");
+  };
+  const color = { 1: "#2563eb", 2: "#0f766e", 3: "#7c3aed", 4: "#ea580c", 5: "#64748b" };
+  const references = converted.features.map((feature) => {
+    const type = feature.properties?.type || "unknown";
+    return `<path d="${pathFor(feature.geometry.coordinates)}" fill="${feature.geometry.type.includes("Polygon") ? `${color[type] || "#334155"}18` : "none"}" stroke="${color[type] || "#334155"}" stroke-width="1.2"/>`;
+  }).join("\n");
+  const nativePaths = (nativeIntersection?.features || []).map((feature) => `<path d="${pathFor(feature.geometry.coordinates)}" fill="#dc262655" stroke="#dc2626" stroke-width="3"/>`).join("\n");
+  return `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="${width}" height="${height}" viewBox="0 0 ${width} ${height}">
+  <rect width="100%" height="100%" fill="#f8fafc"/>
+  ${references}
+  ${nativePaths}
+  <circle cx="${width / 2}" cy="${height / 2}" r="5" fill="#111827"/>
+  <text x="20" y="35" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="22" fill="#111827">Gaode reference (type colors) / native intersection (red)</text>
+</svg>`;
+}
+
+module.exports = { gcj02ToWgs84, convertGeoJson, boundsOf, parseOsmNodes, nearestNode, inspectReference, localReferenceSvg };
diff --git a/scripts/lib/native-road.js b/scripts/lib/native-road.js
index 25d308a..f0073b6 100644
--- a/scripts/lib/native-road.js
+++ b/scripts/lib/native-road.js
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 const fs = require("fs");
 const path = require("path");
 const { arrowRingsAt, normalizeManeuver } = require("./turn-lane-arrows");
+const { buildComplexJunctionGeometry, complexJunctionMetrics } = require("./complex-junction");
 
 const OVERRIDE_SCHEMA = "native-road-overrides/v1";
 const MOTOR_HIGHWAYS = new Set(["motorway", "trunk", "primary", "secondary", "tertiary", "unclassified", "residential", "living_street", "service"]);
@@ -22,6 +23,9 @@ const CENTER_LINE_CONTROL_CLEARANCE_METERS = 1;
 const CENTER_LINE_COLORS = new Set(["yellow", "white"]);
 const CENTER_LINE_PATTERNS = new Set(["dashed", "solid"]);
 const CONNECTOR_BOUNDARY_TOLERANCE_METERS = .05;
+// A lane centerline is drawn as a hairline, so probe the crossing with a narrow
+// band. Using the full lane width would clip the line metres early.
+const LANE_CENTERLINE_PROBE_WIDTH_METERS = .12;
 const JUNCTION_CURVE_SEGMENTS = 8;
 
 function parseOsmRoads(xml) {
@@ -244,33 +248,171 @@ function nearbyManualCandidates(endpoints, from) {
 
 function compileGeometry(model, overrides = { overrides: [] }, options = {}) {
   const diagnostics = [...model.diagnostics];
-  const junctionPlans = compileJunctionPlans(model);
+  const junctionPlans = compileJunctionPlans(model, options, diagnostics);
   const features = [];
+  const activeClusters = options.junctionTemplates?.enabled ? (options.junctionTemplates.clusters || []) : [];
+  const clusterByNode = new Map(activeClusters.flatMap((cluster) => cluster.nodeIds.map((nodeId) => [String(nodeId), cluster])));
+  const complexClusterCenters = new Map(activeClusters.filter((cluster) => cluster.template === "complex-junction-v1").map((cluster) => {
+    const points = cluster.nodeIds.map((nodeId) => junctionPlans.get(String(nodeId))?.node).filter(Boolean);
+    const center = points.length ? points.reduce((sum, point) => [sum[0] + point[0] / points.length, sum[1] + point[1] / points.length], [0, 0]) : null;
+    return [cluster.id, center];
+  }));
   const emittedSegments = new Set();
+  const generatedComplexSidewalks = [];
+  const generatedComplexCrosswalks = [];
+  const generatedComplexStopLines = [];
   for (const road of model.roads) {
     const segmentKey = road.segmentId;
     if (emittedSegments.has(segmentKey)) continue;
     emittedSegments.add(segmentKey);
     const directions = model.roads.filter((item) => item.segmentId === segmentKey);
+    const startCluster = clusterByNode.get(String(road.sourceNodeIds[0]));
+    const endCluster = clusterByNode.get(String(road.sourceNodeIds.at(-1)));
+    if (startCluster?.template === "complex-junction-v1" && endCluster?.template === "complex-junction-v1" && startCluster.id === endCluster.id) continue;
     const totalWidth = directions.reduce((sum, item) => sum + item.widthMeters, 0);
     // The approach surface stops at the junction cutback. The junction layer
     // owns the intervening rounded corners; leaving approaches untrimmed
     // would cover that outline with rectangular road ends in Blender/Cesium.
-    const ring = roadRing(trimLineAtJunctions(road.centerline, road.sourceNodeIds, junctionPlans), totalWidth);
+    const cluster = clusterByNode.get(String(road.sourceNodeIds[0])) || clusterByNode.get(String(road.sourceNodeIds.at(-1)));
+    if (cluster?.template === "complex-junction-v1") {
+      const center = complexClusterCenters.get(cluster.id);
+      const length = lineLengthMeters(road.centerline);
+      const farEndpoint = cluster.nodeIds.map(String).includes(String(road.sourceNodeIds[0])) ? road.centerline.at(-1) : road.centerline[0];
+      const outerRadius = complexJunctionMetrics(cluster).approachOuterRadius;
+      if (center && length < outerRadius + 8 && distanceMeters(farEndpoint, center) < outerRadius) continue;
+    }
+    const line = cluster?.template === "complex-junction-v1"
+      ? trimLineAtComplexCluster(road.centerline, road.sourceNodeIds, junctionPlans, cluster, complexClusterCenters.get(cluster.id))
+      : trimLineAtJunctions(road.centerline, road.sourceNodeIds, junctionPlans);
+    const ring = roadRing(line, totalWidth);
     if (!ring) { diagnostics.push(diagnostic("error", road.id, road.osmWayIds, "unclosed-road-surface", "Could not construct a valid road polygon from this centerline.", road.centerline[0])); continue; }
     const surfaceId = road.segmentId.endsWith("/0") ? `surface:way/${road.osmWayIds.join(",")}` : `surface:${segmentKey}`;
-    features.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: surfaceId, directional_road_ids: directions.map((item) => item.id).join(","), osm_way_ids: road.osmWayIds.join(","), source_road_id: road.sourceRoadId, width_m: totalWidth, lane_count: directions.reduce((sum, item) => item.laneCount + sum, 0), provenance: JSON.stringify(directions.map((item) => item.provenance)), override_ids: directions.flatMap((item) => item.appliedOverrideIds).join(",") }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring] } });
+    features.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: surfaceId, cluster_id: cluster?.template === "complex-junction-v1" ? cluster.id : null, directional_road_ids: directions.map((item) => item.id).join(","), osm_way_ids: road.osmWayIds.join(","), source_road_id: road.sourceRoadId, width_m: totalWidth, lane_count: directions.reduce((sum, item) => item.laneCount + sum, 0), provenance: JSON.stringify(directions.map((item) => item.provenance)), override_ids: directions.flatMap((item) => item.appliedOverrideIds).join(",") }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring] } });
   }
-  const lanes = compileLaneCenterlines(model, diagnostics, junctionPlans);
+  for (const [nodeId, plan] of junctionPlans) {
+    if (plan.clusterId && activeComplexCluster(options, plan.clusterId)) continue;
+    if (!plan.template) continue;
+    for (const approach of plan.approaches) {
+      const transition = templateApproachRing(approach, plan);
+      if (!transition) {
+        diagnostics.push(diagnostic("warning", `junction:node/${nodeId}`, [nodeId], "junction-template-approach-fallback", "进口道路长度不足以生成规整过渡面，已保留该进口的 native 直筒道路。", plan.node));
+        continue;
+      }
+      features.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `junction-approach:${plan.template}:node/${nodeId}:${approach.segmentId}`, osm_node_id: nodeId, segment_id: approach.segmentId, directional_road_ids: approach.roadIds.join(","), width_m: approach.widthMeters, approach_width_m: Math.round(approach.widthMeters * plan.approachWidthMultiplier * 10) / 10, approach_length_m: Math.round(transition.lengthMeters * 10) / 10, template: plan.template, provenance: "native-road-junction-approach-template/v1" }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [transition.ring] } });
+    }
+  }
+  for (const cluster of activeClusters) {
+    if (cluster.template !== "complex-junction-v1") continue;
+    const generated = buildComplexJunctionGeometry(model, cluster, { junctionPlans, diagnostic, distanceMeters, lineLengthMeters, pointAlongLine, offsetCoordinate, headingAtEndpoint, headingVector, circleRing });
+    features.push(...generated.features);
+    if (generated.crosswalks) generatedComplexCrosswalks.push(...generated.crosswalks);
+    if (generated.stopLines) generatedComplexStopLines.push(...generated.stopLines);
+    if (generated.islands) generatedComplexSidewalks.push(...generated.islands);
+    diagnostics.push(...generated.diagnostics);
+  }
+  const lanes = compileLaneCenterlines(model, diagnostics, junctionPlans, options, { crosswalks: generatedComplexCrosswalks, stopLines: generatedComplexStopLines });
   const edgeLines = options.edgeLines === false ? [] : compileEdgeLines(model, overrides, junctionPlans);
   const controls = compileControlMarkings(model, lanes, diagnostics, junctionPlans);
-  const centerLines = compileCenterLines(model, overrides, junctionPlans, controls, diagnostics);
-  const markings = compileLaneMarkings(model, overrides, lanes, diagnostics, junctionPlans, controls);
-  const sidewalks = compileSidewalkSurfaces(model, diagnostics, junctionPlans);
+  const allControls = { crosswalks: [...controls.crosswalks, ...generatedComplexCrosswalks], stopLines: [...controls.stopLines, ...generatedComplexStopLines] };
+  const centerLines = compileCenterLines(model, overrides, junctionPlans, allControls, diagnostics, options);
+  const markings = compileLaneMarkings(model, overrides, lanes, diagnostics, junctionPlans, allControls, options);
+  markings.separators.push(...compileComplexLaneSeparators(lanes.features, [...allControls.crosswalks, ...allControls.stopLines]));
+  markings.directionArrows.push(...compileComplexPreviewArrows(lanes.features, generatedComplexStopLines));
+  const sidewalks = compileSidewalkSurfaces(model, diagnostics, junctionPlans, options);
+  // Complex crosswalks are generated from native approach tangents; do not
+  // synthesize side strips that can be mistaken for crosswalks.
+  sidewalks.push(...generatedComplexSidewalks);
   const connectorResult = compileConnectors(model, lanes, diagnostics, overrides, junctionPlans);
-  const junctionFeatures = compileJunctionSurfaces(model, junctionPlans, connectorResult.features, connectorResult.movements, diagnostics);
+  const junctionFeatures = compileJunctionSurfaces(model, junctionPlans, connectorResult.features, connectorResult.movements, diagnostics, options);
   validateConnectorContainment(connectorResult.features, junctionFeatures, diagnostics);
-  return { roadSurface: { type: "FeatureCollection", features }, edgeLines: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: edgeLines }, sidewalkSurface: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: sidewalks }, intersectionSurface: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: junctionFeatures }, laneCenterlines: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: lanes.features }, laneSeparators: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: markings.separators }, centerLines: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: centerLines }, directionArrows: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: markings.directionArrows }, turnArrows: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: markings.turnArrows }, crosswalks: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: controls.crosswalks }, vehicleStopLines: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: controls.stopLines }, connectors: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: connectorResult.features }, movements: connectorResult.movements, diagnostics };
+  return { roadSurface: { type: "FeatureCollection", features }, edgeLines: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: edgeLines }, sidewalkSurface: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: sidewalks }, intersectionSurface: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: junctionFeatures }, laneCenterlines: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: lanes.features }, laneSeparators: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: markings.separators }, centerLines: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: centerLines }, directionArrows: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: markings.directionArrows }, turnArrows: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: markings.turnArrows }, crosswalks: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: [...controls.crosswalks, ...generatedComplexCrosswalks] }, vehicleStopLines: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: [...controls.stopLines, ...generatedComplexStopLines] }, connectors: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: connectorResult.features }, movements: connectorResult.movements, diagnostics };
+}
+
+function compileComplexPreviewArrows(features, stopLines) {
+  const result = [];
+  for (const feature of features) {
+    if (!feature.properties?.cluster_preview || !feature.properties.incoming || feature.properties.maneuver === "outbound") continue;
+    const line = feature.geometry?.coordinates || [];
+    if (line.length < 2) continue;
+    const stopLine = stopLines.find((candidate) => candidate.properties?.road_id === feature.properties.road_id);
+    if (!stopLine) continue;
+    const stopRing = stopLine.geometry?.coordinates?.[0];
+    if (!stopRing || stopRing.length < 4) continue;
+    const stopPoints = stopRing.slice(0, -1);
+    const stopCenter = [stopPoints.reduce((sum, point) => sum + point[0], 0) / stopPoints.length, stopPoints.reduce((sum, point) => sum + point[1], 0) / stopPoints.length];
+    const placement = distanceMeters(line.at(-1), stopCenter) + 8;
+    const placementInfo = pointAndAxisAlongLine(line, Math.max(0, lineLengthMeters(line) - placement));
+    if (!placementInfo) continue;
+    const rings = arrowRingsAt(feature.properties.maneuver, placementInfo.point, placementInfo.axis);
+    for (let part = 0; part < rings.length; part += 1) result.push({
+      type: "Feature",
+      properties: { native_id: `${feature.properties.native_id}:arrow:${part}`, road_id: feature.properties.road_id, lane_id: feature.properties.native_id, cluster_id: feature.properties.cluster_id, cluster_preview: true, maneuver: feature.properties.maneuver, travel_heading_deg: headingDegrees(line[0], line.at(-1)), placement_distance_from_stop_meters: 8, provenance: "native-road-complex-preview-arrow/v2-stop-anchored" },
+      geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [rings[part]] },
+    });
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+function compileComplexLaneSeparators(features, controls = []) {
+  const groups = new Map();
+  for (const feature of features) {
+    if (!feature.properties?.cluster_preview || !feature.properties.road_id) continue;
+    if (!groups.has(feature.properties.road_id)) groups.set(feature.properties.road_id, []);
+    groups.get(feature.properties.road_id).push(feature);
+  }
+  const result = [];
+  for (const [roadId, lanes] of groups) {
+    lanes.sort((first, second) => first.properties.lane_index - second.properties.lane_index);
+    for (let index = 1; index < lanes.length; index += 1) {
+      const left = lanes[index - 1].geometry.coordinates; const right = lanes[index].geometry.coordinates;
+      if (left.length !== right.length) continue;
+      const line = left.map((point, pointIndex) => [(point[0] + right[pointIndex][0]) / 2, (point[1] + right[pointIndex][1]) / 2]);
+      const visibleLine = trimLineBeforeFirstControl(line, controls, .12);
+      const ring = visibleLine ? roadRing(visibleLine, .12) : null;
+      if (!ring) continue;
+      result.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `complex-lane-separator:${roadId}:${index}-${index + 1}`, road_id: roadId, cluster_id: lanes[0].properties.cluster_id, left_lane_index: index, right_lane_index: index + 1, color: "white", pattern: "solid", effective_style: "white-solid", provenance: "native-road-complex-lane-separator/v1" }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring] } });
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+function trimLineBeforeFirstControl(line, controls, width) {
+  const total = lineLengthMeters(line);
+  const step = .25;
+  for (let distance = step; distance <= total; distance += step) {
+    const placement = pointAndAxisAlongLine(line, Math.min(total, distance - step / 2));
+    if (!placement) continue;
+    const ring = rectangleAt(placement.point, placement.axis, [-placement.axis[1], placement.axis[0]], step, width, 0);
+    if (!ringsOverlapControl([ring], controls)) continue;
+    let cutoff = Math.max(0, distance - step - .12);
+    while (cutoff > .5) {
+      const candidate = roadRing([line[0], pointAlongLine(line, cutoff)], width);
+      if (candidate && !ringsOverlapControl([candidate], controls)) return [line[0], pointAlongLine(line, cutoff)];
+      cutoff -= .25;
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+  return line;
+}
+
+// `trimLineBeforeFirstControl` always keeps the head of the line, so the caller
+// must hand it a line that already runs from the road towards the junction.
+// Lane centerlines arrive in either orientation (a preview lane runs inward
+// from the outer radius, an outgoing road lane runs outward from the cluster
+// node), so orient by radius first and restore the original order afterwards.
+function trimLaneOutsideControls(line, controls, width, center) {
+  if (!controls.length || !center || !Array.isArray(line) || line.length < 2) return line;
+  const outwardFirst = distanceMeters(line[0], center) >= distanceMeters(line.at(-1), center);
+  const oriented = outwardFirst ? line : [...line].reverse();
+  const trimmed = trimLineBeforeFirstControl(oriented, controls, width);
+  if (!trimmed) return null;
+  return outwardFirst ? trimmed : [...trimmed].reverse();
+}
+
+// Reference identity is not reliable here: the reversed path rebuilds the array
+// even when nothing was cut. Compare travelled length instead.
+function laneWasClipped(original, visible) {
+  return Boolean(visible) && lineLengthMeters(visible) < lineLengthMeters(original) - .01;
 }
 
 function compileEdgeLines(model, overrides, junctionPlans) {
@@ -305,7 +447,7 @@ function edgeLineFeature(road, side, style, ring, part = null) {
   return { type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `edge-line:${road.id}:${side}${part ? `:${part}` : ""}`, road_id: road.id, side, osm_way_ids: road.osmWayIds.join(","), color: style.color, pattern: style.pattern, effective_style: `${style.color}-${style.pattern}`, provenance: "native-road-edge-line/v1" }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring] } };
 }
 
-function compileCenterLines(model, overrides, junctionPlans, controls, diagnostics) {
+function compileCenterLines(model, overrides, junctionPlans, controls, diagnostics, options = {}) {
   const features = [];
   const controlFeatures = [...controls.crosswalks, ...controls.stopLines];
   const segments = new Map();
@@ -317,18 +459,24 @@ function compileCenterLines(model, overrides, junctionPlans, controls, diagnosti
     const forward = roads.find((road) => road.direction === "forward");
     const backward = roads.find((road) => road.direction === "backward");
     if (roads.length !== 2 || !forward || !backward || forward.highway === "service" || backward.highway === "service") continue;
-    const line = trimLineAtJunctions(forward.centerline, forward.sourceNodeIds, junctionPlans);
+    const cluster = clusterForRoad(forward, options) || clusterForRoad(backward, options);
+    const internalCluster = cluster && roadInternalToCluster(forward, cluster);
+    const line = cluster
+      ? trimLineAtComplexCluster(forward.centerline, forward.sourceNodeIds, junctionPlans, cluster, clusterCenter(cluster, junctionPlans))
+      : trimLineAtJunctions(forward.centerline, forward.sourceNodeIds, junctionPlans);
     const length = lineLengthMeters(line);
     if (line.length < 2 || !Number.isFinite(length)) { diagnostics.push(diagnostic("warning", segmentId, forward.osmWayIds, "invalid-center-line", "双向道路无法生成有效道路中心虚线。", forward.centerline[0])); continue; }
     const style = centerLineStyle(overrides, segmentId);
+    const visibleLine = trimLineBeforeFirstControl(line, controlFeatures, CENTER_LINE_WIDTH_METERS);
+    const visibleLength = visibleLine ? lineLengthMeters(visibleLine) : 0;
+    if (!visibleLine || visibleLength < CENTER_LINE_DASH_LENGTH_METERS) continue;
     const gap = style.pattern === "solid" ? 0 : CENTER_LINE_DASH_GAP_METERS;
     const markLength = CENTER_LINE_DASH_LENGTH_METERS + (style.pattern === "solid" ? CENTER_LINE_SOLID_OVERLAP_METERS : 0);
-    for (let start = 0, dashIndex = 1; start + markLength <= length; start += CENTER_LINE_DASH_LENGTH_METERS + gap, dashIndex += 1) {
-      const placement = pointAndAxisAlongLine(line, start + markLength / 2);
+    for (let start = 0, dashIndex = 1; start + markLength <= visibleLength; start += CENTER_LINE_DASH_LENGTH_METERS + gap, dashIndex += 1) {
+      const placement = pointAndAxisAlongLine(visibleLine, start + markLength / 2);
       if (!placement) continue;
       const clearanceRing = rectangleAt(placement.point, placement.axis, [-placement.axis[1], placement.axis[0]], markLength + CENTER_LINE_CONTROL_CLEARANCE_METERS * 2, CENTER_LINE_WIDTH_METERS + CENTER_LINE_CONTROL_CLEARANCE_METERS * 2, 0);
-      if (ringsOverlapControl([clearanceRing], controlFeatures)) continue;
-      for (const offset of style.double ? [-.16, .16] : [0]) { const ring = rectangleAt(placement.point, placement.axis, [-placement.axis[1], placement.axis[0]], markLength, CENTER_LINE_WIDTH_METERS, offset); features.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `center-line:${segmentId}:${dashIndex}:${offset}`, segment_id: segmentId, road_id: forward.id, directional_road_ids: roads.map((road) => road.id).join(","), osm_way_ids: forward.osmWayIds.join(","), dash_index: dashIndex, dash_length_m: markLength, dash_gap_m: gap, color: style.color, pattern: style.pattern, double: Boolean(style.double), effective_style: `${style.double ? "double-" : ""}${style.color}-${style.pattern}`, placement_rule: "native-bidirectional-centerline/v1", provenance: "native-road-center-line/v1" }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring] } }); }
+      for (const offset of style.double ? [-.16, .16] : [0]) { const ring = rectangleAt(placement.point, placement.axis, [-placement.axis[1], placement.axis[0]], markLength, CENTER_LINE_WIDTH_METERS, offset); features.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `center-line:${segmentId}:${dashIndex}:${offset}`, segment_id: segmentId, road_id: forward.id, cluster_id: cluster?.id || null, cluster_internal: Boolean(internalCluster), cluster_preview_hidden: Boolean(internalCluster), directional_road_ids: roads.map((road) => road.id).join(","), osm_way_ids: forward.osmWayIds.join(","), dash_index: dashIndex, dash_length_m: markLength, dash_gap_m: gap, color: style.color, pattern: style.pattern, double: Boolean(style.double), effective_style: `${style.double ? "double-" : ""}${style.color}-${style.pattern}`, placement_rule: "native-bidirectional-centerline/v1", provenance: "native-road-center-line/v1" }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring] } }); }
     }
   }
   return features;
@@ -381,21 +529,35 @@ function offsetByMeters(point, axis, meters) { return unproject([axis[0] * meter
 function rectangleAt(center, axis, across, length, width, offset) { const shifted = offsetByMeters(center, across, offset); const corners = [[-length / 2, -width / 2], [length / 2, -width / 2], [length / 2, width / 2], [-length / 2, width / 2]].map(([forward, side]) => unproject([axis[0] * forward + across[0] * side, axis[1] * forward + across[1] * side], shifted)); return [...corners, corners[0]]; }
 function controlFeature(kind, crossing, candidate, part, ring, placement = {}) { const stop = kind === "stop-line"; return { type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `${kind}:node/${crossing.id}:${part}`, crossing_node_id: crossing.id, road_id: candidate.road.id, lane_id: candidate.lane.id, osm_way_ids: candidate.road.osmWayIds.join(","), direction: candidate.road.direction, placement_method: "native-lane-nearest-point/v1", junction_inset_m: Math.round((placement.junctionInsetMeters || 0) * 100) / 100, provenance: stop ? "native-road-stop-line/v1" : "native-road-crosswalk/v1" }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring] } }; }
 
-function compileLaneMarkings(model, overrides, lanes, diagnostics, junctionPlans, controls) {
+function compileLaneMarkings(model, overrides, lanes, diagnostics, junctionPlans, controls, options = {}) {
   const separators = []; const directionArrows = []; const turnArrows = [];
   const controlFeatures = [...controls.crosswalks, ...controls.stopLines];
   for (const road of model.roads) {
-    const roadLanes = lanes.byRoadId.get(road.id) || [];
+    const cluster = clusterForRoad(road, options);
+    const internalCluster = cluster && roadInternalToCluster(road, cluster);
+    const roadLanes = (lanes.markingByRoadId || lanes.byRoadId).get(road.id) || [];
     for (let index = 1; index < roadLanes.length; index += 1) {
       const left = roadLanes[index - 1].coordinates; const right = roadLanes[index].coordinates;
       if (left.length !== right.length) continue;
       const centerline = left.map((point, pointIndex) => [(point[0] + right[pointIndex][0]) / 2, (point[1] + right[pointIndex][1]) / 2]);
       const style = laneSeparatorStyle(overrides, road.id, index, index + 1);
-      const properties = { road_id: road.id, left_lane_index: index, right_lane_index: index + 1, osm_way_ids: road.osmWayIds.join(","), color: style.color, pattern: style.pattern, effective_style: `${style.color}-${style.pattern}`, provenance: "native-road-lane-separator/v1" };
-      if (style.pattern === "solid") { const ring = roadRing(centerline, 0.12); if (ring) separators.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `lane-separator:${road.id}:${index}-${index + 1}`, ...properties }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring] } }); }
-      else for (let distance = 1, part = 1; distance + 1 <= lineLengthMeters(centerline); distance += 4, part += 1) { const placement = pointAndAxisAlongLine(centerline, distance); if (!placement) continue; const ring = rectangleAt(placement.point, placement.axis, [-placement.axis[1], placement.axis[0]], 2, .12, 0); separators.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `lane-separator:${road.id}:${index}-${index + 1}:${part}`, ...properties }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring] } }); }
+      const properties = { road_id: road.id, left_lane_index: index, right_lane_index: index + 1, cluster_id: cluster?.id || null, cluster_internal: Boolean(internalCluster), cluster_preview_hidden: Boolean(internalCluster), osm_way_ids: road.osmWayIds.join(","), color: style.color, pattern: style.pattern, effective_style: `${style.color}-${style.pattern}`, provenance: "native-road-lane-separator/v1" };
+      if (style.pattern === "solid") {
+        const visibleLine = trimLineBeforeFirstControl(centerline, controlFeatures, .12);
+        const ring = visibleLine ? roadRing(visibleLine, .12) : null;
+        if (ring) separators.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `lane-separator:${road.id}:${index}-${index + 1}`, ...properties }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring] } });
+      } else {
+        const visibleLine = trimLineBeforeFirstControl(centerline, controlFeatures, .12);
+        const visibleLength = visibleLine ? lineLengthMeters(visibleLine) : 0;
+        for (let distance = 1, part = 1; visibleLine && distance + 1 <= visibleLength; distance += 4, part += 1) {
+        const placement = pointAndAxisAlongLine(visibleLine, distance);
+        if (!placement) continue;
+        const ring = rectangleAt(placement.point, placement.axis, [-placement.axis[1], placement.axis[0]], 2, .12, 0);
+        separators.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `lane-separator:${road.id}:${index}-${index + 1}:${part}`, ...properties }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring] } });
+        }
+      }
     }
-    for (const lane of roadLanes) directionArrows.push(...directionArrowFeatures(road, lane, controlFeatures, diagnostics));
+    for (const lane of roadLanes) directionArrows.push(...directionArrowFeatures(road, lane, controlFeatures, diagnostics).map((feature) => ({ ...feature, properties: { ...feature.properties, cluster_id: cluster?.id || null, cluster_internal: Boolean(internalCluster), cluster_preview_hidden: Boolean(internalCluster) } })));
     const turns = road.tags[`turn:lanes:${road.direction}`] ?? road.tags["turn:lanes"];
     const maneuvers = turns ? String(turns).split("|") : [];
     for (let index = 0; index < roadLanes.length; index += 1) {
@@ -413,12 +575,31 @@ function compileLaneMarkings(model, overrides, lanes, diagnostics, junctionPlans
       const center = pointAlongLine([...lane.coordinates].reverse(), placement);
       const rings = arrowRingsAt(maneuver, center, axis);
       if (!rings.length) continue;
-      for (let part = 0; part < rings.length; part += 1) turnArrows.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `turn-arrow:${lane.id}:${maneuver}:${part}`, road_id: road.id, lane_id: lane.id, osm_way_ids: road.osmWayIds.join(","), direction: road.direction, lane_index: lane.index, maneuver, arrow_part: part, placement_distance_meters: placement, provenance: "native-road-turn-arrow/v1" }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [rings[part]] } });
+      for (let part = 0; part < rings.length; part += 1) turnArrows.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `turn-arrow:${lane.id}:${maneuver}:${part}`, road_id: road.id, lane_id: lane.id, cluster_id: cluster?.id || null, cluster_internal: Boolean(internalCluster), cluster_preview_hidden: Boolean(internalCluster), osm_way_ids: road.osmWayIds.join(","), direction: road.direction, lane_index: lane.index, maneuver, arrow_part: part, placement_distance_meters: placement, provenance: "native-road-turn-arrow/v1" }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [rings[part]] } });
     }
   }
   return { separators, directionArrows, turnArrows };
 }
 
+function clusterForRoad(road, options) {
+  const clusters = options.junctionTemplates?.enabled ? options.junctionTemplates.clusters || [] : [];
+  return clusters.find((cluster) => cluster.template === "complex-junction-v1" && road.sourceNodeIds.some((nodeId) => cluster.nodeIds.map(String).includes(String(nodeId)))) || null;
+}
+
+function roadInternalToCluster(road, cluster) {
+  const nodeIds = new Set(cluster.nodeIds.map(String));
+  return nodeIds.has(String(road.sourceNodeIds[0])) && nodeIds.has(String(road.sourceNodeIds.at(-1)));
+}
+
+function clusterCenter(cluster, junctionPlans) {
+  const points = cluster.nodeIds.map((nodeId) => junctionPlans.get(String(nodeId))?.node).filter(Boolean);
+  return points.length ? points.reduce((sum, point) => [sum[0] + point[0] / points.length, sum[1] + point[1] / points.length], [0, 0]) : null;
+}
+
+function angularDistance(first, second) {
+  return Math.abs(((first - second + 180) % 360) - 180);
+}
+
 function laneSeparatorStyle(overrides, roadId, leftLaneIndex, rightLaneIndex) { const value = overrides.overrides.find((item) => item.kind === "lane-separator-style" && item.roadId === roadId && item.leftLaneIndex === leftLaneIndex && item.rightLaneIndex === rightLaneIndex); return value ? { color: value.color, pattern: value.pattern } : { color: "white", pattern: "dashed" }; }
 
 function directionArrowFeatures(road, lane, controlFeatures, diagnostics) {
@@ -445,7 +626,7 @@ function ringsOverlap(first, second) {
   return first.slice(1).some((point, index) => second.slice(1).some((other, otherIndex) => segmentsIntersect(first[index], point, second[otherIndex], other)));
 }
 
-function compileSidewalkSurfaces(model, diagnostics, junctionPlans) {
+function compileSidewalkSurfaces(model, diagnostics, junctionPlans, options = {}) {
   const features = [];
   const byWay = new Map();
   for (const road of model.roads) {
@@ -461,22 +642,27 @@ function compileSidewalkSurfaces(model, diagnostics, junctionPlans) {
       ["left", forward.sidewalkLeft || Boolean(backward?.sidewalkRight)],
       ["right", forward.sidewalkRight || Boolean(backward?.sidewalkLeft)],
     ];
+    const cluster = clusterForRoad(forward, options) || (backward ? clusterForRoad(backward, options) : null);
+    const center = cluster ? clusterCenter(cluster, junctionPlans) : null;
     for (const [side, enabled] of sides) {
       if (!enabled) continue;
-      const centerline = trimLineAtJunctions(forward.centerline, forward.sourceNodeIds, junctionPlans);
+      const centerline = cluster
+        ? trimLineAtComplexCluster(forward.centerline, forward.sourceNodeIds, junctionPlans, cluster, center)
+        : trimLineAtJunctions(forward.centerline, forward.sourceNodeIds, junctionPlans);
       const ring = sidewalkRing(centerline, totalWidth / 2, totalWidth / 2 + DEFAULT_SIDEWALK_WIDTH_METERS, side === "left" ? 1 : -1);
       if (!ring) { diagnostics.push(diagnostic("warning", forward.id, forward.osmWayIds, "invalid-sidewalk-surface", "无法为该道路生成连续人行道面。", forward.centerline[0])); continue; }
       const sidewalkId = forward.segmentId.endsWith("/0") ? `sidewalk:way/${forward.osmWayIds.join(",")}:${side}` : `sidewalk:${wayKey}:${side}`;
-      features.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: sidewalkId, osm_way_ids: forward.osmWayIds.join(","), source_road_id: forward.sourceRoadId, side, width_m: DEFAULT_SIDEWALK_WIDTH_METERS, directional_road_ids: directions.map((road) => road.id).join(","), provenance: "native-road-sidewalk/v1", override_ids: directions.flatMap((road) => road.appliedOverrideIds).join(",") }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring] } });
+      features.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: sidewalkId, cluster_id: cluster?.id || null, osm_way_ids: forward.osmWayIds.join(","), source_road_id: forward.sourceRoadId, side, width_m: DEFAULT_SIDEWALK_WIDTH_METERS, directional_road_ids: directions.map((road) => road.id).join(","), provenance: "native-road-sidewalk/v1", override_ids: directions.flatMap((road) => road.appliedOverrideIds).join(",") }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring] } });
     }
   }
-  features.push(...compileSidewalkCorners(model, junctionPlans));
+  features.push(...compileSidewalkCorners(model, junctionPlans, options));
   return features;
 }
 
-function compileSidewalkCorners(model, junctionPlans) {
+function compileSidewalkCorners(model, junctionPlans, options = {}) {
   const result = [];
   for (const [nodeId, plan] of junctionPlans) {
+    if (plan.clusterId && activeComplexCluster(options, plan.clusterId)) continue;
     const candidates = [];
     for (const approach of plan.approaches) {
       const directions = model.roads.filter((road) => road.segmentId === approach.segmentId);
@@ -589,10 +775,15 @@ function cornerFallsIntoOtherApproach(ring, sourceWayKey, approaches) {
 }
 
 function validateConnectorContainment(connectors, junctionFeatures, diagnostics) {
-  const junctionByNode = new Map(junctionFeatures.map((feature) => [feature.properties.osm_node_id, feature]));
+  const junctionByNode = new Map();
+  for (const feature of junctionFeatures) {
+    if (feature.properties.osm_node_ids) for (const nodeId of String(feature.properties.osm_node_ids).split(",")) junctionByNode.set(nodeId, feature);
+    else if (feature.properties.osm_node_id) junctionByNode.set(feature.properties.osm_node_id, feature);
+  }
   for (const connector of connectors) {
     const junction = junctionByNode.get(connector.properties.node_id);
     if (!junction) continue;
+    if (junction.properties.kind === "cluster") continue;
     const ring = junction.geometry.coordinates[0];
     if (!connector.geometry.coordinates.every((point) => pointInOrNearPolygon(point, ring, CONNECTOR_BOUNDARY_TOLERANCE_METERS))) {
       diagnostics.push(diagnostic("warning", connector.properties.connection_id, [connector.properties.node_id], "connector-outside-junction", "转向路径有部分落在路口面外，请检查道路截面或转向连接。", connector.geometry.coordinates[0]));
@@ -627,14 +818,29 @@ function pointOnSegment(point, a, b) {
   return point[0] >= Math.min(a[0], b[0]) - 1e-12 && point[0] <= Math.max(a[0], b[0]) + 1e-12 && point[1] >= Math.min(a[1], b[1]) - 1e-12 && point[1] <= Math.max(a[1], b[1]) + 1e-12;
 }
 
-function compileLaneCenterlines(model, diagnostics, junctionPlans) {
+// `complexControls` carries the crosswalks and stop bars the complex-junction
+// templates already emitted. Ordinary controls cannot be passed here: they are
+// placed *from* these lane centerlines, so only the template-generated ones
+// exist this early.
+function compileLaneCenterlines(model, diagnostics, junctionPlans, options = {}, complexControls = {}) {
   const features = [];
+  const controlFeatures = [...(complexControls.crosswalks || []), ...(complexControls.stopLines || [])];
   const byRoadId = new Map();
+  const markingByRoadId = new Map();
+  const clusters = options.junctionTemplates?.enabled ? (options.junctionTemplates.clusters || []) : [];
+  const clusterByNode = new Map(clusters.flatMap((cluster) => cluster.nodeIds.map((nodeId) => [String(nodeId), cluster])));
+  const clusterCenters = new Map(clusters.map((cluster) => [cluster.id, clusterCenter(cluster, junctionPlans)]));
   for (const road of model.roads) {
     const lanes = [];
+    const markingLanes = [];
     const laneWidth = road.widthMeters / road.laneCount;
     const siblings = model.roads.filter((item) => item.segmentId === road.segmentId);
     const opposite = siblings.find((item) => item.id !== road.id);
+    const boundaryCluster = clusterByNode.get(String(road.sourceNodeIds[0])) || clusterByNode.get(String(road.sourceNodeIds.at(-1)));
+    const internalCluster = boundaryCluster && roadInternalToCluster(road, boundaryCluster);
+    const clippedRoadLine = boundaryCluster?.template === "complex-junction-v1"
+      ? trimLineAtComplexCluster(road.centerline, road.sourceNodeIds, junctionPlans, boundaryCluster, clusterCenters.get(boundaryCluster.id))
+      : trimLineAtJunctions(road.centerline, road.sourceNodeIds, junctionPlans);
     // OSM centerline is the shared carriageway center. On a two-way road,
     // offset each directed carriageway to its own side before placing lanes.
     const carriagewayOffset = opposite ? (road.direction === "forward" ? -opposite.widthMeters / 2 : -road.widthMeters / 2) : 0;
@@ -643,14 +849,84 @@ function compileLaneCenterlines(model, diagnostics, junctionPlans) {
       // driver's left so tag positions and generated lane IDs have one meaning.
       const offset = carriagewayOffset + (road.widthMeters / 2 - laneWidth * (index + 0.5));
       const coordinates = offsetLine(trimLineAtJunctions(road.centerline, road.sourceNodeIds, junctionPlans), offset);
-      if (!coordinates) { diagnostics.push(diagnostic("error", road.id, road.osmWayIds, "invalid-lane-centerline", "无法为该道路生成车道中心线。", road.centerline[0])); continue; }
+      const publishedCoordinates = offsetLine(clippedRoadLine, offset);
+      if (!coordinates || !publishedCoordinates) { diagnostics.push(diagnostic("error", road.id, road.osmWayIds, "invalid-lane-centerline", "无法为该道路生成车道中心线。", road.centerline[0])); continue; }
       const lane = { id: `lane:${road.id}:${index + 1}`, roadId: road.id, index: index + 1, coordinates };
       lanes.push(lane);
-      features.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: lane.id, road_id: road.id, lane_index: lane.index, source: "native-road-lane-centerline/v1" }, geometry: { type: "LineString", coordinates } });
+      // Only the published geometry stops at the crossing. `coordinates` stays
+      // whole because connectors are derived from it; a lane that ends at the
+      // stop bar would otherwise break every turn path through the junction.
+      const visibleCoordinates = boundaryCluster?.template === "complex-junction-v1"
+        ? trimLaneOutsideControls(publishedCoordinates, controlFeatures, LANE_CENTERLINE_PROBE_WIDTH_METERS, clusterCenters.get(boundaryCluster.id))
+        : publishedCoordinates;
+      if (!visibleCoordinates) { diagnostics.push(diagnostic("warning", road.id, road.osmWayIds, "lane-centerline-fully-inside-control", "该车道中心线整体落在斑马线或停止线内，已按未裁剪几何发布。", publishedCoordinates[0])); }
+      // Lane markings are laid out along this line. Feeding it the clipped
+      // geometry is what keeps separators and arrows from being painted *past*
+      // a crossing: control avoidance only stops them landing *on* one.
+      markingLanes.push({ ...lane, coordinates: visibleCoordinates || publishedCoordinates });
+      features.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: lane.id, road_id: road.id, lane_index: lane.index, cluster_id: boundaryCluster?.id || null, cluster_internal: Boolean(internalCluster), cluster_preview_hidden: Boolean(internalCluster), cluster_boundary_clipped: Boolean(boundaryCluster && !internalCluster), control_clipped: laneWasClipped(publishedCoordinates, visibleCoordinates), source: "native-road-lane-centerline/v3-control-clipped" }, geometry: { type: "LineString", coordinates: visibleCoordinates || publishedCoordinates } });
     }
     byRoadId.set(road.id, lanes);
+    markingByRoadId.set(road.id, markingLanes);
   }
-  return { features, byRoadId };
+  for (const cluster of clusters) {
+    const clusterNodes = new Set(cluster.nodeIds.map(String));
+    const clusterCoordinates = [...clusterNodes].map((nodeId) => junctionPlans.get(nodeId)?.node).filter(Boolean);
+    const compositeCenter = clusterCoordinates.length
+      ? clusterCoordinates.reduce((sum, point) => [sum[0] + point[0] / clusterCoordinates.length, sum[1] + point[1] / clusterCoordinates.length], [0, 0])
+      : null;
+    const corridors = [];
+    for (const [nodeId, plan] of junctionPlans) {
+      if (!clusterNodes.has(String(nodeId))) continue;
+      for (const approach of plan.approaches) {
+        const end = approach.line.at(-1);
+        if ([...clusterNodes].some((candidate) => candidate !== String(nodeId) && distanceMeters(end, junctionPlans.get(candidate)?.node || [Infinity, Infinity]) < 3)) continue;
+        const heading = ((headingAtEndpoint(approach.line) + 180) % 360) - 180;
+        corridors.push({ nodeId, heading, approach, plan });
+      }
+    }
+    for (const corridor of corridors) {
+      const approach = corridor.approach; const plan = corridor.plan;
+      const outerRadius = complexJunctionMetrics(cluster).approachOuterRadius;
+      const length = Math.min(distanceAlongLineToRadius(approach.line, compositeCenter, outerRadius), lineLengthMeters(approach.line));
+      if (length < 12) continue;
+      const line = approach.line; const outer = pointAlongLine(line, Math.max(0, length)); const inner = pointAlongLine(line, Math.min(Math.max(3, Number(cluster.coreRadiusMeters || 28) * .14), Math.max(3, length - 8)));
+      const corridorRoads = approach.roadIds.map((roadId) => model.roads.find((road) => road.id === roadId)).filter(Boolean);
+      const incoming = corridorRoads.some((road) => String(road.sourceNodeIds.at(-1)) === String(corridor.nodeId));
+      const count = Math.max(1, corridorRoads.reduce((sum, road) => sum + road.laneCount, 0));
+      const laneWidth = approach.widthMeters / count;
+      const axis = project(inner, outer); const total = Math.hypot(...axis); if (!total) continue;
+      const normalized = [axis[0] / total, axis[1] / total]; const across = [-normalized[1], normalized[0]];
+      for (let index = 0; index < count; index += 1) {
+        const offset = approach.widthMeters / 2 - laneWidth * (index + .5);
+        const start = unproject([across[0] * offset, across[1] * offset], outer);
+        const end = unproject([across[0] * offset, across[1] * offset], inner);
+        const maneuver = incoming ? index === 0 ? "left" : index === count - 1 ? "right" : "through" : "outbound";
+        // Preview lanes are laid out radially from the outer radius inwards, so
+        // an untrimmed one runs straight over the arm crossing. Stop it at the
+        // first control: incoming lanes land on the stop bar, outgoing lanes on
+        // the far edge of the crossing.
+        const visible = trimLaneOutsideControls([start, end], controlFeatures, LANE_CENTERLINE_PROBE_WIDTH_METERS, compositeCenter);
+        features.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `cluster-approach-lane:${cluster.id}:${approach.segmentId}:${index + 1}`, road_id: corridorRoads[0]?.id || null, cluster_id: cluster.id, cluster_preview: true, incoming, lane_index: index + 1, maneuver, control_clipped: laneWasClipped([start, end], visible), source: "native-road-junction-cluster-lane/v4-control-clipped" }, geometry: { type: "LineString", coordinates: visible || [start, end] } });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return { features, byRoadId, markingByRoadId };
+}
+
+function cubicTurnCurve(start, end, startHeading, endHeading, radius, turn, center) {
+  const reach = turn === "right" ? Math.max(5, radius * .75) : Math.max(9, radius * 1.35);
+  const first = offsetCoordinate(start, startHeading, reach);
+  const second = offsetCoordinate(end, endHeading, reach);
+  const points = [];
+  for (let index = 0; index <= 18; index += 1) {
+    const t = index / 18; const inverse = 1 - t;
+    points.push([
+      inverse ** 3 * start[0] + 3 * inverse ** 2 * t * first[0] + 3 * inverse * t ** 2 * second[0] + t ** 3 * end[0],
+      inverse ** 3 * start[1] + 3 * inverse ** 2 * t * first[1] + 3 * inverse * t ** 2 * second[1] + t ** 3 * end[1],
+    ]);
+  }
+  return points.every((point) => point.every(Number.isFinite)) ? points : [start, center, end];
 }
 
 function compileConnectors(model, lanes, diagnostics, overrides, junctionPlans) {
@@ -683,7 +959,8 @@ function compileConnectors(model, lanes, diagnostics, overrides, junctionPlans)
       const movement = { id, connectorId, connectionId: connection.id, nodeId: connection.nodeId, fromRoadId: fromRoad.id, toRoadId: defaultToLane.roadId, fromLaneId: defaultFromLane.id, toLaneId: defaultToLane.id, turn, provenance, appliedOverrideIds: override ? [override.id] : [], geometryPublished: geometryStatus === "connector", geometryStatus };
       if (length < .4) { movements.push(movement); continue; }
       if (length > 80) { diagnostics.push(diagnostic("warning", connection.id, [connection.nodeId], "connector-too-long", "转向路径超过 80 米，未发布几何；请检查路口拓扑或人工连接。", from)); movements.push(movement); continue; }
-      features.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: connectorId, movement_id: id, connection_id: connection.id, node_id: connection.nodeId, from_lane_id: defaultFromLane.id, to_lane_id: defaultToLane.id, turn, provenance }, geometry: { type: "LineString", coordinates } });
+      const cluster = plan?.clusterId || null;
+      features.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: connectorId, movement_id: id, connection_id: connection.id, node_id: connection.nodeId, cluster_id: cluster, cluster_internal: Boolean(cluster), from_lane_id: defaultFromLane.id, to_lane_id: defaultToLane.id, turn, provenance }, geometry: { type: "LineString", coordinates } });
       movements.push(movement);
     }
   }
@@ -793,9 +1070,11 @@ function polygonAreaMeters(ring) {
   return Math.abs(twiceArea) / 2;
 }
 
-function compileJunctionSurfaces(model, junctionPlans, connectors, movements, diagnostics) {
+function compileJunctionSurfaces(model, junctionPlans, connectors, movements, diagnostics, options = {}) {
   const result = [];
+  const complexClusters = new Set((options.junctionTemplates?.enabled ? options.junctionTemplates.clusters || [] : []).filter((cluster) => cluster.template === "complex-junction-v1").map((cluster) => cluster.id));
   for (const [nodeId, plan] of junctionPlans) {
+    if (plan.clusterId && complexClusters.has(plan.clusterId)) continue;
     const { segmentIds, node, approaches, cutbackMeters, boundary } = plan;
     const junctionConnectors = connectors.filter((feature) => feature.properties.node_id === nodeId);
     const junctionMovements = movements.filter((movement) => movement.nodeId === nodeId);
@@ -817,21 +1096,56 @@ function compileJunctionSurfaces(model, junctionPlans, connectors, movements, di
     }
     const surfaceAreaMeters = polygonAreaMeters(ring);
     const expansionRatio = approachAreaMeters > 0 ? surfaceAreaMeters / approachAreaMeters : null;
-    result.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `junction:node/${nodeId}`, osm_node_id: nodeId, kind: segmentIds.size === 3 ? "t" : "cross", source_road_ids: approaches.flatMap((approach) => approach.roadIds).join(","), cutback_m: cutbackMeters, movement_count: junctionMovements.length, connector_count: junctionConnectors.length, boundary_mode: boundaryMode, approach_area_m2: Math.round(approachAreaMeters * 10) / 10, surface_area_m2: Math.round(surfaceAreaMeters * 10) / 10, expansion_ratio: expansionRatio === null ? null : Math.round(expansionRatio * 100) / 100, rule: "junction-shared-cutback/v4-shared-node-split" }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring] } });
+    result.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `junction:node/${nodeId}`, osm_node_id: nodeId, kind: segmentIds.size === 3 ? "t" : "cross", source_road_ids: approaches.flatMap((approach) => approach.roadIds).join(","), cutback_m: cutbackMeters, movement_count: junctionMovements.length, connector_count: junctionConnectors.length, boundary_mode: boundaryMode, template: plan.template || null, template_reference: plan.templateReference || null, approach_area_m2: Math.round(approachAreaMeters * 10) / 10, surface_area_m2: Math.round(surfaceAreaMeters * 10) / 10, expansion_ratio: expansionRatio === null ? null : Math.round(expansionRatio * 100) / 100, rule: plan.template ? "junction-cross-template/v1" : "junction-shared-cutback/v4-shared-node-split" }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring] } });
     if (boundaryMode === "connector-convex-fallback") diagnostics.push(diagnostic("warning", `junction:node/${nodeId}`, [nodeId], "junction-connector-envelope-fallback", "路口面需要按转向路径的凸包兜底生成；请检查外缘和路缘与步行带是否符合实际。", node));
     if (plan.boundaryFallbacks) diagnostics.push(diagnostic("warning", `junction:node/${nodeId}`, [nodeId], "junction-rounded-corner-fallback", "部分路口圆角无法按道路边缘切线安全构造，已对该角使用确定性的直线回退。", node));
-    diagnostics.push(diagnostic("info", `junction:node/${nodeId}`, [nodeId], "ordinary-junction-surface", "已按道路截面与转向路径生成普通路口面。", node));
+    if (!plan.clusterId) diagnostics.push(diagnostic("info", `junction:node/${nodeId}`, [nodeId], "ordinary-junction-surface", "已按道路截面与转向路径生成普通路口面。", node));
+  }
+  for (const cluster of options.junctionTemplates?.enabled ? options.junctionTemplates.clusters || [] : []) {
+    if (cluster.template === "complex-junction-v1") continue;
+    const clusterNodes = new Set(cluster.nodeIds.map(String));
+    const members = result.filter((feature) => clusterNodes.has(String(feature.properties.osm_node_id)));
+    if (members.length < 2) continue;
+    const points = [];
+    const clusterCoordinates = [...clusterNodes].map((nodeId) => junctionPlans.get(nodeId)?.node).filter(Boolean);
+    const clusterCenter = clusterCoordinates.reduce((sum, point) => [sum[0] + point[0] / clusterCoordinates.length, sum[1] + point[1] / clusterCoordinates.length], [0, 0]);
+    for (let index = 0; index < 8; index += 1) points.push(offsetCoordinate(clusterCenter, index * 45, 12));
+    for (const [nodeId, plan] of junctionPlans) {
+      if (!clusterNodes.has(String(nodeId))) continue;
+      for (const approach of plan.approaches) {
+        const end = approach.line.at(-1);
+        if ([...clusterNodes].some((candidate) => candidate !== String(nodeId) && distanceMeters(end, junctionPlans.get(candidate)?.node || [Infinity, Infinity]) < 3)) continue;
+        const cutback = pointAlongLine(approach.line, Math.min(plan.cutbackMeters, Math.max(12, cluster.approachLengthMeters * .5)));
+        const heading = headingAtEndpoint(approach.line); const half = approach.widthMeters / 2;
+        points.push(offsetCoordinate(cutback, heading + 90, half), offsetCoordinate(cutback, heading - 90, half));
+      }
+      const node = plan.node;
+      for (let index = 0; index < 8; index += 1) points.push(offsetCoordinate(node, index * 45, 9));
+    }
+    const hull = convexHull(points);
+    if (hull.length < 3) continue;
+    const ring = roundedHull(hull, 0.22);
+    const memberIds = new Set(members.map((feature) => feature.properties.native_id));
+    for (let index = result.length - 1; index >= 0; index -= 1) if (memberIds.has(result[index].properties.native_id)) result.splice(index, 1);
+    result.push({ type: "Feature", properties: { native_id: `junction-cluster:${cluster.id}`, osm_node_ids: [...clusterNodes].join(","), kind: "cluster", template: cluster.template, boundary_mode: "cluster-import-core", center: clusterCenter, member_count: members.length, movement_count: movements.filter((movement) => clusterNodes.has(String(movement.nodeId))).length, connector_count: connectors.filter((feature) => clusterNodes.has(String(feature.properties.node_id))).length, surface_area_m2: Math.round(polygonAreaMeters(ring) * 10) / 10, rule: "junction-cluster-template/v2" }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [[...ring, ring[0]]] } });
+    diagnostics.push(diagnostic("info", `junction-cluster:${cluster.id}`, [...clusterNodes], "junction-cluster-core-applied", "已按外部进口截面和簇节点核心生成受限复合路口面。", ring[0]));
   }
   return result;
 }
 
-function compileJunctionPlans(model) {
+function activeComplexCluster(options, clusterId) {
+  return Boolean(clusterId && (options.junctionTemplates?.enabled ? options.junctionTemplates.clusters || [] : []).some((cluster) => cluster.id === clusterId && cluster.template === "complex-junction-v1"));
+}
+
+function compileJunctionPlans(model, options = {}, diagnostics = []) {
   const byNode = new Map();
   for (const endpoint of model.endpoints) {
     if (!byNode.has(endpoint.nodeId)) byNode.set(endpoint.nodeId, []);
     byNode.get(endpoint.nodeId).push(endpoint);
   }
   const plans = new Map();
+  const clusters = options.junctionTemplates?.enabled ? (options.junctionTemplates.clusters || []) : [];
+  const clusterByNode = new Map(clusters.flatMap((cluster) => cluster.nodeIds.map((nodeId) => [String(nodeId), cluster])));
   for (const [nodeId, endpoints] of byNode) {
     const segmentIds = new Set(endpoints.map((endpoint) => endpoint.roadId.replace(/:(forward|backward)$/, "")));
     if (segmentIds.size < 3 || segmentIds.size > 4) continue;
@@ -839,11 +1153,14 @@ function compileJunctionPlans(model) {
     if (approaches.length !== segmentIds.size) continue;
     // Rounded curb corners need enough approach length to retain the full
     // turning envelope after the corner is cut toward the junction.
-    const cutbackMeters = Math.max(...approaches.map((approach) => approach.widthMeters)) * 1.4;
+    const baseCutbackMeters = Math.max(...approaches.map((approach) => approach.widthMeters)) * 1.4;
     const node = endpoints[0].coordinate;
-    const boundary = junctionBoundary(approaches, node, cutbackMeters);
+    const template = junctionTemplateFor(nodeId, segmentIds, options.junctionTemplates, diagnostics, node);
+    const cutbackMeters = baseCutbackMeters * (template?.cutbackMultiplier || 1);
+    const boundary = junctionBoundary(approaches, node, cutbackMeters, template?.cornerRadiusMultiplier || 1, template?.approachWidthMultiplier || 1);
     if (boundary.points.length < 3) continue;
-    plans.set(nodeId, { node, segmentIds, approaches, cutbackMeters, boundary: boundary.points, boundaryMode: boundary.mode, boundaryFallbacks: boundary.fallbacks });
+    const cluster = clusterByNode.get(String(nodeId));
+    plans.set(nodeId, { node, segmentIds, approaches, cutbackMeters, boundary: boundary.points, boundaryMode: boundary.mode, boundaryFallbacks: boundary.fallbacks, template: template?.template || null, templateReference: template?.referenceFile || null, approachWidthMultiplier: template?.approachWidthMultiplier || 1, approachLengthMeters: template?.approachLengthMeters || 0, clusterId: cluster?.id || null });
   }
   return plans;
 }
@@ -863,13 +1180,13 @@ function junctionApproaches(model, endpoints) {
   });
 }
 
-function junctionBoundary(approaches, node, cutbackMeters) {
+function junctionBoundary(approaches, node, cutbackMeters, cornerRadiusMultiplier = 1, approachWidthMultiplier = 1) {
   const points = [];
   for (const approach of approaches) {
     const cutback = pointAlongLine(approach.line, cutbackMeters);
     if (!cutback) continue;
     const heading = headingAtEndpoint(approach.line);
-    const half = approach.widthMeters / 2;
+    const half = approach.widthMeters * approachWidthMultiplier / 2;
     points.push({ point: offsetCoordinate(cutback, heading + 90, half), segmentId: approach.segmentId, sourceWayKey: approach.sourceWayKey, outwardHeading: heading });
     points.push({ point: offsetCoordinate(cutback, heading - 90, half), segmentId: approach.segmentId, sourceWayKey: approach.sourceWayKey, outwardHeading: heading });
   }
@@ -886,7 +1203,7 @@ function junctionBoundary(approaches, node, cutbackMeters) {
     // bends the far side of a T junction and exposes junction asphalt beyond
     // the pedestrian strip.
     if (first.segmentId === second.segmentId || isStraightJunctionEdge(first, second)) continue;
-    const curve = roundedCorner(node, first.point, second.point, first.outwardHeading, second.outwardHeading);
+    const curve = roundedCorner(node, first.point, second.point, first.outwardHeading, second.outwardHeading, cornerRadiusMultiplier);
     if (!curve) { fallbacks += 1; continue; }
     boundary.push(...curve.slice(1, -1));
     rounded += 1;
@@ -894,13 +1211,50 @@ function junctionBoundary(approaches, node, cutbackMeters) {
   return { points: boundary, mode: rounded ? "rounded-approach-envelope" : "approach-envelope", fallbacks };
 }
 
+function templateApproachRing(approach, plan) {
+  const innerDistance = plan.cutbackMeters;
+  const availableLength = lineLengthMeters(approach.line) - innerDistance - .5;
+  const lengthMeters = Math.min(plan.approachLengthMeters, availableLength);
+  if (lengthMeters < 10) return null;
+  const outerDistance = innerDistance + lengthMeters;
+  const inner = pointAlongLine(approach.line, innerDistance);
+  const outer = pointAlongLine(approach.line, outerDistance);
+  const heading = headingAtEndpoint(approach.line);
+  const innerHalf = approach.widthMeters * plan.approachWidthMultiplier / 2;
+  const outerHalf = approach.widthMeters / 2;
+  const ring = [
+    offsetCoordinate(outer, heading + 90, outerHalf),
+    offsetCoordinate(inner, heading + 90, innerHalf),
+    offsetCoordinate(inner, heading - 90, innerHalf),
+    offsetCoordinate(outer, heading - 90, outerHalf),
+    offsetCoordinate(outer, heading + 90, outerHalf),
+  ];
+  return ring.every((point) => point.every(Number.isFinite)) ? { ring, lengthMeters } : null;
+}
+
+function roundedHull(hull, factor) {
+  const result = [];
+  for (let index = 0; index < hull.length; index += 1) {
+    const previous = hull[(index - 1 + hull.length) % hull.length];
+    const current = hull[index];
+    const next = hull[(index + 1) % hull.length];
+    const entry = interpolate(previous, current, factor);
+    const exit = interpolate(current, next, factor);
+    result.push(entry);
+    const curve = quadraticCurve(entry, current, exit, 4);
+    result.push(...curve.slice(1, -1));
+    result.push(exit);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
 function isStraightJunctionEdge(first, second) {
   if (first.sourceWayKey !== second.sourceWayKey) return false;
   const radians = (first.outwardHeading - second.outwardHeading) * Math.PI / 180;
   return Math.cos(radians) <= -0.98;
 }
 
-function roundedCorner(node, first, second, firstHeading, secondHeading) {
+function roundedCorner(node, first, second, firstHeading, secondHeading, radiusMultiplier = 1) {
   const origin = node;
   const a = project(first, origin); const b = project(second, origin);
   const chord = Math.hypot(a[0] - b[0], a[1] - b[1]);
@@ -915,10 +1269,51 @@ function roundedCorner(node, first, second, firstHeading, secondHeading) {
   // node and the cutback. Reject near-parallel or remote intersections rather
   // than publishing a huge/self-crossing curve.
   if (controlDistance < .01 || controlDistance > endpointDistance * 1.5 || controlDistance > 80) return null;
-  const control = unproject(intersection, origin);
+  const scaledIntersection = [intersection[0] * radiusMultiplier, intersection[1] * radiusMultiplier];
+  const control = unproject(scaledIntersection, origin);
   return quadraticCurve(first, control, second, JUNCTION_CURVE_SEGMENTS);
 }
 
+function junctionTemplateFor(nodeId, segmentIds, configured, diagnostics, node) {
+  if (!configured?.enabled) return null;
+  const entry = (configured.references || []).find((item) => String(item.nodeId) === String(nodeId));
+  if (!entry) return null;
+  if (segmentIds.size !== 4) {
+    diagnostics.push(diagnostic("info", `junction:node/${nodeId}`, [nodeId], "junction-template-topology-skip", "cross 模板只应用于四臂路口，当前路口保留 native 几何。", node));
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (entry.template !== "cross-v1") {
+    diagnostics.push(diagnostic("warning", `junction:node/${nodeId}`, [nodeId], "junction-template-unsupported", "路口模板名称不受支持，已回退 native 几何。", node));
+    return null;
+  }
+  const multiplier = Number(entry.cornerRadiusMultiplier ?? 1);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(multiplier) || multiplier < 0.75 || multiplier > 1.25) {
+    diagnostics.push(diagnostic("warning", `junction:node/${nodeId}`, [nodeId], "junction-template-invalid-parameter", "cross 模板圆角参数必须在 0.75 到 1.25 之间，已回退 native 几何。", node));
+    return null;
+  }
+  const cutbackMultiplier = Number(entry.cutbackMultiplier ?? 1);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(cutbackMultiplier) || cutbackMultiplier < 1 || cutbackMultiplier > 1.35) {
+    diagnostics.push(diagnostic("warning", `junction:node/${nodeId}`, [nodeId], "junction-template-invalid-parameter", "cross 模板进口过渡参数必须在 1 到 1.35 之间，已回退 native 几何。", node));
+    return null;
+  }
+  const approachWidthMultiplier = Number(entry.approachWidthMultiplier ?? 1);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(approachWidthMultiplier) || approachWidthMultiplier < 1 || approachWidthMultiplier > 1.8) {
+    diagnostics.push(diagnostic("warning", `junction:node/${nodeId}`, [nodeId], "junction-template-invalid-parameter", "cross 模板进口宽度参数必须在 1 到 1.8 之间，已回退 native 几何。", node));
+    return null;
+  }
+  const approachLengthMeters = Number(entry.approachLengthMeters ?? 24);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(approachLengthMeters) || approachLengthMeters < 10 || approachLengthMeters > 50) {
+    diagnostics.push(diagnostic("warning", `junction:node/${nodeId}`, [nodeId], "junction-template-invalid-parameter", "cross 模板进口过渡长度必须在 10 到 50 米之间，已回退 native 几何。", node));
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (entry.referenceFile && !fs.existsSync(entry.referenceFile)) {
+    diagnostics.push(diagnostic("warning", `junction:node/${nodeId}`, [nodeId], "junction-template-reference-missing", "路口参考文件不存在，已回退 native 几何。", node));
+    return null;
+  }
+  diagnostics.push(diagnostic("info", `junction:node/${nodeId}`, [nodeId], "junction-template-applied", "已按 cross-v1 模板规整路口面；道路、车道、连接器和控制设施保持 native 结果。", node));
+  return { template: entry.template, referenceFile: entry.referenceFile || null, cornerRadiusMultiplier: multiplier, cutbackMultiplier, approachWidthMultiplier, approachLengthMeters };
+}
+
 function headingVector(degrees) {
   const radians = degrees * Math.PI / 180;
   return [Math.sin(radians), Math.cos(radians)];
@@ -978,6 +1373,42 @@ function trimLineAtJunctions(line, sourceNodeIds, junctionPlans) {
   return result;
 }
 
+function trimLineAtComplexCluster(line, sourceNodeIds, junctionPlans, cluster, center) {
+  if (!center || line.length < 2) return trimLineAtJunctions(line, sourceNodeIds, junctionPlans);
+  const boundaryRadius = complexJunctionMetrics(cluster).approachOuterRadius;
+  const startInCluster = cluster.nodeIds.map(String).includes(String(sourceNodeIds[0]));
+  const endInCluster = cluster.nodeIds.map(String).includes(String(sourceNodeIds.at(-1)));
+  const available = lineLengthMeters(line);
+  const startDistance = startInCluster ? distanceAlongLineToRadius(line, center, boundaryRadius) : 0;
+  const endDistance = endInCluster ? distanceAlongLineToRadius([...line].reverse(), center, boundaryRadius) : 0;
+  const startCutback = startDistance > 0 && available > startDistance + 1 ? startDistance : 0;
+  const endCutback = endDistance > 0 && available > endDistance + 1 ? endDistance : 0;
+  if (!startCutback && !endCutback) return line;
+  return trimLineRange(line, startCutback, endCutback);
+}
+
+function distanceAlongLineToRadius(line, center, radius) {
+  if (!center || line.length < 2) return 0;
+  const heading = headingAtEndpoint(line);
+  const vector = project(line[0], center);
+  const radians = heading * Math.PI / 180;
+  const startRadius = vector[0] * Math.sin(radians) + vector[1] * Math.cos(radians);
+  return Math.max(0, radius - startRadius);
+}
+
+function trimLineRange(line, startCutback, endCutback) {
+  const total = lineLengthMeters(line);
+  if (startCutback + endCutback >= total - .5) return line;
+  const result = [pointAlongLine(line, startCutback)];
+  let traversed = 0;
+  for (let index = 1; index < line.length - 1; index += 1) {
+    traversed += distanceMeters(line[index - 1], line[index]);
+    if (traversed > startCutback && traversed < total - endCutback) result.push(line[index]);
+  }
+  result.push(pointAlongLine(line, total - endCutback));
+  return result;
+}
+
 function headingAtEndpoint(line) { return headingDegrees(line[0], line[1]); }
 function headingDegrees(a, b) { return Math.atan2((b[0] - a[0]) * Math.cos(a[1] * Math.PI / 180), b[1] - a[1]) * 180 / Math.PI; }
 function offsetCoordinate(point, degrees, meters) { const radians = degrees * Math.PI / 180; return [point[0] + Math.sin(radians) * meters / (111320 * Math.cos(point[1] * Math.PI / 180)), point[1] + Math.cos(radians) * meters / 111320]; }
diff --git a/scripts/lib/native-traffic-signals.js b/scripts/lib/native-traffic-signals.js
index 8c9f774..58069f5 100644
--- a/scripts/lib/native-traffic-signals.js
+++ b/scripts/lib/native-traffic-signals.js
@@ -12,10 +12,26 @@ const {
 const SCHEMA = "native-traffic-signals/v1";
 
 function loadOrGenerate(file, osmText, stopLines, intersections) {
-  if (fs.existsSync(file)) return validateDocument(JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(file, "utf8")), osmText);
+  if (fs.existsSync(file)) {
+    const document = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(file, "utf8"));
+    try {
+      return validateDocument(document, osmText);
+    } catch (error) {
+      // OSM edits can invalidate the stable identities in a document that was
+      // itself generated from OSM. User-authored documents must remain strict.
+      if (document?.provenance === "generated:osm-controls" && isStaleSourceReferenceError(error)) {
+        return generate(osmText, stopLines, intersections);
+      }
+      throw error;
+    }
+  }
   return generate(osmText, stopLines, intersections);
 }
 
+function isStaleSourceReferenceError(error) {
+  return error instanceof Error && /^traffic signal feature \d+: (approach_id .* is not present on OSM control|control_id .* is not present in the current OSM)/.test(error.message);
+}
+
 function generate(osmText, stopLines, intersections) {
   const controls = parseOsm(osmText).trafficSignalControls;
   return { schema: SCHEMA, provenance: "generated:osm-controls", assemblies: buildTrafficSignalFeatures(stopLines, intersections, controls) };
diff --git a/scripts/lib/traffic-signals.js b/scripts/lib/traffic-signals.js
index 7c31ac2..e3f8d11 100644
--- a/scripts/lib/traffic-signals.js
+++ b/scripts/lib/traffic-signals.js
@@ -23,20 +23,38 @@ function buildTrafficSignalFeatures(stopLines, intersections, controls = []) {
     const point = polygonCenter(feature.geometry);
     return { id: `intersection-${index + 1}`, point, radius: polygonRadius(feature.geometry, point) };
   }).filter((entry) => entry.point);
+  const clusteredStops = new Map();
+  for (const feature of stopLines.features || []) {
+    const clusterId = feature.properties?.cluster_id;
+    const point = polygonCenter(feature.geometry);
+    if (!clusterId || !point) continue;
+    if (!clusteredStops.has(clusterId)) clusteredStops.set(clusterId, []);
+    clusteredStops.get(clusterId).push(point);
+  }
+  for (const [clusterId, points] of clusteredStops) {
+    if (points.length < 3) continue;
+    const point = points.reduce((sum, item) => [sum[0] + item[0] / points.length, sum[1] + item[1] / points.length], [0, 0]);
+    centers.push({ id: `cluster-${clusterId}`, clusterId, point, radius: Math.max(...points.map((item) => metersBetween(point, item))) });
+  }
   const candidates = [];
   for (const feature of stopLines.features || []) {
     const center = polygonCenter(feature.geometry);
     if (!center) continue;
-    const intersection = nearestCenter(center, centers);
+    const clusterId = feature.properties?.cluster_id;
+    const intersection = clusterId ? centers.find((entry) => entry.clusterId === clusterId) : nearestCenter(center, centers);
     if (!intersection || metersBetween(center, intersection.point) > 32) continue;
     const axis = roadAxis(feature.geometry, center, intersection.point);
     if (!axis) continue;
     const right = [axis[1], -axis[0]];
-    const farSide = moveMeters(intersection.point, axis, intersection.radius + 3.2);
     candidates.push({
       intersectionId: intersection.id, center, axis,
-      point: moveMeters(farSide, right, CURB_OFFSET_METERS),
+      point: intersection.clusterId
+        ? moveMeters(center, right, CURB_OFFSET_METERS)
+        : moveMeters(moveMeters(intersection.point, axis, intersection.radius + 3.2), right, CURB_OFFSET_METERS),
       headingDegrees: normalizeDegrees(Math.atan2(axis[0], axis[1]) * 180 / Math.PI),
+      matchHeadingDegrees: intersection.clusterId
+        ? normalizeDegrees(Math.atan2(-axis[0], -axis[1]) * 180 / Math.PI)
+        : null,
     });
   }
   const features = [];
@@ -180,25 +198,34 @@ function signalNodeKey(signalUid) {
   return `ts_${crypto.createHash("sha256").update(signalUid).digest("hex").slice(0, 16)}`;
 }
 
-function validateTrafficSignalSourceReferences(collection, controls) {
+function reconcileTrafficSignalSourceReferences(collection, controls) {
   const normalized = validateTrafficSignalFeatures(collection);
   const approachesByControl = new Map((controls || []).map((control) => [
     String(control.id),
     new Set((control.arms || []).map((arm) => `${String(arm.wayId)}:${String(arm.neighborNodeId)}`)),
   ]));
+  const kept = [];
+  const dropped = [];
   for (const [index, feature] of normalized.features.entries()) {
-    const { control_id: controlId, approach_id: approachId } = feature.properties;
+    const { control_id: controlId, approach_id: approachId, signal_uid: signalUid } = feature.properties;
     const approaches = approachesByControl.get(controlId);
     if (!approaches) {
-      throw new Error(`traffic signal feature ${index + 1}: control_id '${controlId}' is not present in the current OSM`);
+      dropped.push({ index: index + 1, signalUid, controlId, approachId, reason: "missing-control", message: `control_id '${controlId}' is not present in the current OSM` });
+      continue;
     }
     if (!approaches.has(approachId)) {
-      throw new Error(
-        `traffic signal feature ${index + 1}: approach_id '${approachId}' is not present on OSM control '${controlId}'`,
-      );
+      dropped.push({ index: index + 1, signalUid, controlId, approachId, reason: "missing-approach", message: `approach_id '${approachId}' is not present on OSM control '${controlId}'` });
+      continue;
     }
+    kept.push(feature);
   }
-  return normalized;
+  return { collection: { ...normalized, features: kept }, dropped };
+}
+
+function validateTrafficSignalSourceReferences(collection, controls) {
+  const { collection: reconciled, dropped } = reconcileTrafficSignalSourceReferences(collection, controls);
+  if (dropped.length) throw new Error(`traffic signal feature ${dropped[0].index}: ${dropped[0].message}`);
+  return reconciled;
 }
 
 function buildTrafficSignals(stopLines, intersections, controls = []) {
@@ -237,11 +264,20 @@ function uniqueApproachArms(candidates, controlPoint) {
 }
 
 function matchOsmArms(candidates, controlPoint, osmArms) {
-  const remaining = candidates.map((candidate) => ({ ...candidate, armHeading: normalizeDegrees(headingBetween(controlPoint, candidate.center)) }));
+  const remaining = candidates.map((candidate) => ({ ...candidate, armHeading: candidate.matchHeadingDegrees ?? normalizeDegrees(headingBetween(controlPoint, candidate.center)) }));
   if (!osmArms.length) return uniqueApproachArms(remaining, controlPoint);
   return osmArms.map((osmArm) => {
     let bestIndex = -1; let bestDistance = Infinity;
-    remaining.forEach((item, index) => { const distance = angularDistance(item.armHeading, osmArm.headingDegrees); if (distance < bestDistance) { bestDistance = distance; bestIndex = index; } });
+    remaining.forEach((item, index) => {
+      const directedDistance = angularDistance(item.armHeading, osmArm.headingDegrees);
+      const distance = item.matchHeadingDegrees == null
+        ? directedDistance
+        : Math.min(
+          angularDistance(item.matchHeadingDegrees, osmArm.headingDegrees),
+          angularDistance(item.matchHeadingDegrees + 180, osmArm.headingDegrees),
+        );
+      if (distance < bestDistance) { bestDistance = distance; bestIndex = index; }
+    });
     const candidate = bestIndex >= 0 && bestDistance <= 45 ? remaining.splice(bestIndex, 1)[0] : fallbackCandidate(controlPoint, osmArm);
     return { ...candidate, osmArm };
   });
diff --git a/scripts/road-workbench.js b/scripts/road-workbench.js
index 17c868b..ac45ae0 100644
--- a/scripts/road-workbench.js
+++ b/scripts/road-workbench.js
@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@
 const fs = require("fs");
 const http = require("http");
 const path = require("path");
+const { execFileSync } = require("child_process");
 const { readAreaConfig } = require("./lib/area-config");
 const { loadOverrides, validateOverrides, writeJsonAtomic } = require("./lib/native-road");
 const { generate, validateDocument, runtime } = require("./lib/native-traffic-signals");
 const { compileArea, parseArgs } = require("./compile-native-roads");
+const { convertGeoJson } = require("./lib/gaode-junction-reference");
 
 const repoRoot = path.resolve(__dirname, "..");
 
@@ -16,9 +18,10 @@ function main() {
   const configPath = path.resolve(args.config || path.join(repoRoot, "config", "areas", "nantaizi-lake-innovation-valley.json"));
   if (args.noCompile !== "true") compileArea(configPath);
   const area = readAreaConfig(configPath, { repoRoot });
+  const junctionReference = args.junctionReference ? readJunctionReference(path.resolve(args.junctionReference)) : null;
   const port = Number(args.port || 8787);
   if (!Number.isInteger(port) || port < 1024 || port > 65535) throw new Error("--port must be an integer in [1024, 65535].");
-  const server = http.createServer((request, response) => handle(request, response, area, configPath));
+  const server = http.createServer((request, response) => handle(request, response, area, configPath, junctionReference));
   server.on("error", (error) => {
     console.error(`Road Workbench failed to listen: ${error.message}`);
     process.exitCode = 1;
@@ -26,13 +29,13 @@ function main() {
   server.listen(port, "127.0.0.1", () => console.log(`Road Workbench: http://127.0.0.1:${port}/`));
 }
 
-function handle(request, response, area, configPath) {
+function handle(request, response, area, configPath, junctionReference) {
   const url = new URL(request.url, "http://127.0.0.1");
   if (request.method === "GET" && url.pathname === "/") return sendFile(response, path.join(repoRoot, "scripts", "workbench", "index.html"), "text/html; charset=utf-8");
   if (request.method === "GET" && url.pathname === "/app.js") return sendFile(response, path.join(repoRoot, "scripts", "workbench", "app.js"), "text/javascript; charset=utf-8");
   if (request.method === "GET" && url.pathname === "/app.css") return sendFile(response, path.join(repoRoot, "scripts", "workbench", "app.css"), "text/css; charset=utf-8");
   if (request.method === "GET" && url.pathname.startsWith("/vendor/")) return sendVendorFile(response, url.pathname);
-  if (request.method === "GET" && url.pathname === "/api/state") return sendJson(response, 200, state(area));
+  if (request.method === "GET" && url.pathname === "/api/state") return sendJson(response, 200, state(area, junctionReference));
   if (request.method === "POST" && url.pathname === "/api/traffic-signals") return readBody(request).then((body) => {
     const document = validateDocument(body, fs.readFileSync(area.input, "utf8"));
     writeJsonAtomic(area.outputs.nativeTrafficSignals, document);
@@ -54,20 +57,37 @@ function handle(request, response, area, configPath) {
     sendJson(response, 200, { ok: true, overrides });
   }).catch((error) => sendJson(response, 400, { ok: false, error: error.message }));
   if (request.method === "POST" && url.pathname === "/api/compile") return Promise.resolve().then(() => {
-    compileArea(configPath);
-    sendJson(response, 200, state(area));
+    compileFresh(configPath);
+    sendJson(response, 200, state(area, junctionReference));
   }).catch((error) => sendJson(response, 500, { ok: false, error: error.message }));
   sendJson(response, 404, { error: "Not found" });
 }
 
-function state(area) {
+function state(area, junctionReference = null) {
   const nativeDir = area.outputs.nativeRoadDir;
   const osm2streetsRoadSurface = path.join(area.outputs.geojsonDir, "road_surface.geojson");
   const trafficSignals = fs.existsSync(area.outputs.nativeTrafficSignals)
     ? validateDocument(readJson(area.outputs.nativeTrafficSignals), fs.readFileSync(area.input, "utf8"))
     : { schema: "native-traffic-signals/v1", provenance: "empty", assemblies: { type: "FeatureCollection", features: [] } };
   const trafficRuntime = runtime(trafficSignals);
-  return { areaId: area.id, compiled: readCompiled(area), overrides: loadOverrides(area.outputs.nativeRoadOverrides), trafficSignals, trafficRuntime, comparison: readJson(path.join(nativeDir, "comparison.json")), layers: { nativeRoadSurface: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "road_surface.geojson")), edgeLines: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "edge_lines.geojson")), nativeSidewalkSurface: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "sidewalk_surface.geojson")), nativeIntersectionSurface: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "intersection_surface.geojson")), laneCenterlines: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "lane_centerlines.geojson")), laneSeparators: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "lane_separators.geojson")), centerLines: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "center_lines.geojson")), directionArrows: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "direction_arrows.geojson")), turnArrows: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "turn_arrows.geojson")), crosswalks: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "crosswalks.geojson")), vehicleStopLines: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "vehicle_stop_lines.geojson")), connectors: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "connectors.geojson")), osm2streetsRoadSurface: fs.existsSync(osm2streetsRoadSurface) ? readLayer(osm2streetsRoadSurface) : null } };
+  return { areaId: area.id, compiled: readCompiled(area), overrides: loadOverrides(area.outputs.nativeRoadOverrides), trafficSignals, trafficRuntime, comparison: readJson(path.join(nativeDir, "comparison.json")), junctionReference, layers: { nativeRoadSurface: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "road_surface.geojson")), edgeLines: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "edge_lines.geojson")), nativeSidewalkSurface: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "sidewalk_surface.geojson")), nativeIntersectionSurface: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "intersection_surface.geojson")), laneCenterlines: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "lane_centerlines.geojson")), laneSeparators: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "lane_separators.geojson")), centerLines: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "center_lines.geojson")), directionArrows: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "direction_arrows.geojson")), turnArrows: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "turn_arrows.geojson")), crosswalks: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "crosswalks.geojson")), vehicleStopLines: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "vehicle_stop_lines.geojson")), connectors: readLayer(path.join(nativeDir, "layers", "connectors.geojson")), osm2streetsRoadSurface: fs.existsSync(osm2streetsRoadSurface) ? readLayer(osm2streetsRoadSurface) : null } };
+}
+function compileFresh(configPath) {
+  try {
+    return execFileSync(process.execPath, [path.join(repoRoot, "scripts", "compile-native-roads.js"), "--config", configPath], {
+      cwd: repoRoot,
+      encoding: "utf8",
+      stdio: ["ignore", "pipe", "pipe"],
+    });
+  } catch (error) {
+    const detail = String(error.stderr || error.stdout || error.message || "native compilation failed").trim();
+    throw new Error(`Native road compilation failed: ${detail}`);
+  }
+}
+function readJunctionReference(file) {
+  if (!fs.existsSync(file)) throw new Error(`Junction reference not found: ${file}`);
+  const converted = convertGeoJson(JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(file, "utf8")));
+  return { source: file, coordinateSystem: "GCJ-02", converted };
 }
 function readCompiled(area) { return readJson(path.join(area.outputs.nativeRoadDir, "compiled.json")); }
 function readJson(file) { return JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(file, "utf8")); }
diff --git a/scripts/test-gaode-junction-reference.js b/scripts/test-gaode-junction-reference.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a601884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/test-gaode-junction-reference.js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+"use strict";
+
+const assert = require("assert");
+const fs = require("fs");
+const os = require("os");
+const path = require("path");
+const { gcj02ToWgs84, convertGeoJson, inspectReference } = require("./lib/gaode-junction-reference");
+
+const converted = gcj02ToWgs84([114.12864875054062, 30.460485279762146]);
+assert.ok(Math.abs(converted[0] - 114.1229659) < 0.00001);
+assert.ok(Math.abs(converted[1] - 30.4628266) < 0.00001);
+assert.throws(() => gcj02ToWgs84([Infinity, 30]), /finite/);
+assert.deepEqual(convertGeoJson({ type: "FeatureCollection", features: [{ type: "Feature", properties: {}, geometry: { type: "Point", coordinates: [114.12864875054062, 30.460485279762146] } }] }).features[0].geometry.coordinates.map((value) => Number(value.toFixed(6))), [114.122966, 30.462827]);
+
+const temp = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "gaode-junction-reference-"));
+try {
+  const reference = path.join(temp, "reference.geojson");
+  const osm = path.join(temp, "input.osm");
+  const native = path.join(temp, "intersections.geojson");
+  fs.writeFileSync(reference, JSON.stringify({ type: "FeatureCollection", features: [{ type: "Feature", properties: { type: 1 }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [[[114.12860, 30.46040], [114.12870, 30.46040], [114.12870, 30.46050], [114.12860, 30.46040]]] } }] }));
+  fs.writeFileSync(osm, "<osm><node id='8005332807' lon='114.1229249' lat='30.462899'><tag k='highway' v='traffic_signals'/></node></osm>");
+  fs.writeFileSync(native, JSON.stringify({ type: "FeatureCollection", features: [{ type: "Feature", properties: { osm_node_id: "8005332807" }, geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [[[114.1228, 30.4627], [114.1231, 30.4627], [114.1231, 30.4630], [114.1228, 30.4627]]] } }] }));
+  const result = inspectReference({ referenceFile: reference, osmFile: osm, nativeIntersectionFile: native, nodeId: "8005332807" });
+  assert.equal(result.matchedOsmNode.id, "8005332807");
+  assert.equal(result.matchedOsmNode.match, "node-id");
+  assert.ok(result.matchedOsmNode.centerDistanceMeters < 20);
+  assert.ok(result.nativeIntersection.bboxIoU > 0);
+  assert.deepEqual(result.diagnostics, []);
+  fs.writeFileSync(native, JSON.stringify({ type: "FeatureCollection", features: [] }));
+  assert.match(inspectReference({ referenceFile: reference, osmFile: osm, nativeIntersectionFile: native, nodeId: "8005332807" }).diagnostics[0], /No native intersection/);
+} finally {
+  fs.rmSync(temp, { recursive: true, force: true });
+}
+
+console.log("Gaode junction reference tests passed.");
diff --git a/scripts/test-native-road.js b/scripts/test-native-road.js
index 0e81869..6846930 100644
--- a/scripts/test-native-road.js
+++ b/scripts/test-native-road.js
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ assert.ok(geometry.connectors.features.every((feature) => feature.properties.nod
 assert.ok(geometry.movements.length >= geometry.connectors.features.length);
 assert.ok(geometry.movements.every((movement) => movement.id.startsWith("movement:") && movement.connectorId.startsWith("connector:")));
 assert.ok(geometry.movements.every((movement) => ["connector", "continuous", "deferred-too-long"].includes(movement.geometryStatus)));
-assert.ok(geometry.intersectionSurface.features.every((feature) => feature.properties.rule === "junction-shared-cutback/v3"));
+assert.ok(geometry.intersectionSurface.features.every((feature) => feature.properties.rule === "junction-shared-cutback/v4-shared-node-split"));
 assert.ok(geometry.intersectionSurface.features.every((feature) => ["approach-envelope", "rounded-approach-envelope", "connector-convex-fallback"].includes(feature.properties.boundary_mode)));
 assert.ok(geometry.intersectionSurface.features.every((feature) => feature.properties.approach_area_m2 > 0 && feature.properties.surface_area_m2 > 0 && feature.properties.expansion_ratio >= 1));
 for (const feature of geometry.intersectionSurface.features.filter((item) => item.properties.boundary_mode === "connector-convex-fallback")) assert.ok(geometry.diagnostics.some((item) => item.subjectId === feature.properties.native_id && item.rule === "junction-connector-envelope-fallback"));
@@ -117,6 +117,180 @@ assert.ok(crossGeometry.directionArrows.features.every((feature) => feature.prop
 assert.ok(crossGeometry.roadSurface.features.every((feature) => Math.min(...feature.geometry.coordinates[0].map((point) => Math.hypot((point[0] - crossCenter[0]) * 96400, (point[1] - crossCenter[1]) * 111320))) > 4));
 const exteriorRings = (geometry) => geometry.type === "Polygon" ? [geometry.coordinates[0]] : geometry.coordinates.map((polygon) => polygon[0]);
 assert.ok(crossGeometry.sidewalkSurface.features.every((feature) => Math.min(...exteriorRings(feature.geometry).flat().map((point) => Math.hypot((point[0] - crossCenter[0]) * 96400, (point[1] - crossCenter[1]) * 111320))) > 5));
+const crossTemplateGeometry = compileGeometry(compileRoadModel(crossOsm, empty), empty, {
+  junctionTemplates: { enabled: true, references: [{ nodeId: "2", template: "cross-v1", cornerRadiusMultiplier: 1.1 }] },
+});
+assert.equal(crossTemplateGeometry.intersectionSurface.features[0].properties.template, "cross-v1");
+assert.equal(crossTemplateGeometry.intersectionSurface.features[0].properties.rule, "junction-cross-template/v1");
+assert.ok(crossTemplateGeometry.diagnostics.some((item) => item.rule === "junction-template-applied"));
+assert.notDeepEqual(crossTemplateGeometry.intersectionSurface.features[0].geometry.coordinates, crossGeometry.intersectionSurface.features[0].geometry.coordinates);
+assert.deepEqual(crossTemplateGeometry.connectors, crossGeometry.connectors);
+assert.deepEqual(crossTemplateGeometry.vehicleStopLines, crossGeometry.vehicleStopLines);
+const crossCutbackTemplateGeometry = compileGeometry(compileRoadModel(crossOsm, empty), empty, {
+  junctionTemplates: { enabled: true, references: [{ nodeId: "2", template: "cross-v1", cornerRadiusMultiplier: 1.25, cutbackMultiplier: 1.25 }] },
+});
+const crossCutbackSurface = crossCutbackTemplateGeometry.intersectionSurface.features[0];
+assert.ok(crossCutbackSurface.properties.cutback_m > crossGeometry.intersectionSurface.features[0].properties.cutback_m);
+assert.ok(crossCutbackSurface.properties.surface_area_m2 > crossGeometry.intersectionSurface.features[0].properties.surface_area_m2);
+const crossApproachTemplateGeometry = compileGeometry(compileRoadModel(crossOsm, empty), empty, {
+  junctionTemplates: { enabled: true, references: [{ nodeId: "2", template: "cross-v1", cornerRadiusMultiplier: 1.25, cutbackMultiplier: 1.25, approachWidthMultiplier: 1.45, approachLengthMeters: 24 }] },
+});
+const templateApproaches = crossApproachTemplateGeometry.roadSurface.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.template === "cross-v1");
+assert.equal(templateApproaches.length, 4);
+assert.ok(templateApproaches.every((feature) => feature.properties.approach_width_m > feature.properties.width_m && feature.properties.approach_length_m === 24));
+const clusterApproachGeometry = compileGeometry(compileRoadModel(crossOsm, empty), empty, {
+  junctionTemplates: { enabled: true, references: [], clusters: [{ id: "cross-cluster", nodeIds: ["2", "missing"], template: "complex-junction-v1", approachWidthMultiplier: 1.45, approachLengthMeters: 24, coreRadiusMeters: 18 }] },
+});
+const clusterApproaches = clusterApproachGeometry.roadSurface.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.cluster_id === "cross-cluster");
+assert.equal(clusterApproaches.filter((feature) => feature.properties.kind === "complex-reference-surface" || feature.properties.kind === "complex-composite").length, 0);
+assert.ok(clusterApproachGeometry.diagnostics.some((item) => item.rule === "complex-junction-insufficient-nodes"));
+assert.equal(clusterApproachGeometry.intersectionSurface.features.length, 0);
+
+const fengshuOsm = fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, "..", "inputs", "osm", "枫树二路.osm"), "utf8");
+const fengshuModel = compileRoadModel(fengshuOsm, empty);
+const fengshuCluster = {
+  id: "zhushanhu-fengshu-complex",
+  template: "complex-junction-v1",
+  referenceFile: path.join(__dirname, "..", "inputs", "osm", "珠山湖大道（枫树二路）口.geojson"),
+  approachWidthMultiplier: 1.45,
+  approachLengthMeters: 32,
+  coreRadiusMeters: 28,
+  outerRadiusExtraMeters: 18,
+  nodeIds: ["8005332807", "8024512135", "8024512145", "8024512147"],
+};
+const fengshuGeometry = compileGeometry(fengshuModel, empty, { edgeLines: false, junctionTemplates: { enabled: true, references: [], clusters: [fengshuCluster] } });
+const fengshuSidewalkOverrides = { schema: "native-road-overrides/v1", overrides: [
+  { id: "generic-complex-sidewalk-a", kind: "road", roadId: "road:way/99505317:forward", sidewalkRight: true },
+  { id: "generic-complex-sidewalk-b", kind: "road", roadId: "road:way/858770821:segment/2:forward", sidewalkLeft: true },
+] };
+const fengshuSidewalkGeometry = compileGeometry(compileRoadModel(fengshuOsm, fengshuSidewalkOverrides), fengshuSidewalkOverrides, { edgeLines: false, junctionTemplates: { enabled: true, references: [], clusters: [fengshuCluster] } });
+const fengshuConfiguredSidewalks = fengshuSidewalkGeometry.sidewalkSurface.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.provenance === "native-road-sidewalk/v1" && feature.properties.cluster_id === fengshuCluster.id);
+assert.equal(fengshuConfiguredSidewalks.length, 2, "sidewalk overrides on complex approaches remain road-side features");
+const fengshuConfiguredCore = fengshuSidewalkGeometry.roadSurface.features.find((feature) => feature.properties.kind === "complex-core");
+assert.ok(fengshuConfiguredSidewalks.every((feature) => !ringsOverlap(feature.geometry.coordinates[0], fengshuConfiguredCore.geometry.coordinates[0])), "configured sidewalks stop at the complex-junction handoff instead of entering its core");
+assert.equal(fengshuSidewalkGeometry.sidewalkSurface.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.provenance === "native-road-sidewalk-corner/v1" && fengshuCluster.nodeIds.includes(String(feature.properties.osm_node_id))).length, 0, "ordinary sidewalk corners are not generated at member nodes of a complex junction");
+const genericComplexSource = fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, "lib", "complex-junction.js"), "utf8");
+assert.doesNotMatch(genericComplexSource, /8005332807|8024512135|8024512145|8024512147|858770823|珠山湖|枫树二路/, "complex junction generator must not contain sample-specific identifiers");
+const renamedCluster = { ...fengshuCluster, id: "generic-complex-validation-cluster" };
+const renamedGeometry = compileGeometry(fengshuModel, empty, { edgeLines: false, junctionTemplates: { enabled: true, references: [], clusters: [renamedCluster] } });
+assert.equal(renamedGeometry.roadSurface.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.cluster_id === renamedCluster.id && feature.properties.kind === "complex-core").length, 1, "complex geometry is selected by template and topology, not cluster name");
+assert.equal(renamedGeometry.roadSurface.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.cluster_id === renamedCluster.id && feature.properties.kind === "complex-approach").length, 8);
+assert.equal(renamedGeometry.laneCenterlines.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.cluster_id === renamedCluster.id && feature.properties.cluster_preview).length, 24);
+assert.equal(renamedGeometry.connectors.features.length, fengshuGeometry.connectors.features.length, "renaming a complex cluster does not change native connector topology");
+const fengshuRoadParts = fengshuGeometry.roadSurface.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.cluster_id === fengshuCluster.id && feature.properties.kind);
+assert.equal(fengshuRoadParts.filter((feature) => feature.properties.kind === "complex-core").length, 1);
+assert.equal(fengshuRoadParts.filter((feature) => feature.properties.kind === "complex-approach").length, 8);
+const fengshuCore = fengshuRoadParts.find((feature) => feature.properties.kind === "complex-core");
+assert.equal(fengshuCore.properties.corner_rounding_ratio, .16, "complex core rounds its four road-corner transitions without adding exterior sidewalk platforms");
+assert.equal(fengshuCore.geometry.coordinates[0].length, 33, "complex core samples a rounded boundary at each of its approach-edge corners");
+const fengshuApproachOuterExtents = fengshuRoadParts.filter((feature) => feature.properties.kind === "complex-approach").map((feature) => {
+  const extent = radialExtent(feature, fengshuCore.properties.center, feature.properties.heading_deg);
+  return extent[1];
+});
+assert.equal(fengshuApproachOuterExtents.filter((extent) => Math.abs(extent - (fengshuCore.properties.radius_m + 18)) < .15).length, 7, "all full-length complex approaches reach the same outer handoff radius");
+assert.ok(fengshuApproachOuterExtents.every((extent) => extent <= fengshuCore.properties.radius_m + 18.15), "short OSM approaches stop at their continuation node instead of overshooting it");
+const fengshuCornerFillets = fengshuRoadParts.filter((feature) => feature.properties.kind === "complex-corner-fillet");
+assert.equal(fengshuCornerFillets.length, 4, "every adjacent-arm corner of a complex junction gets a curb fillet");
+assert.deepEqual(fengshuCornerFillets.map((feature) => feature.properties.corner_index).sort(), [1, 2, 3, 4]);
+assert.ok(fengshuCornerFillets.every((feature) => feature.properties.corner_radius_m === 12), "corner fillets use the configured curb radius");
+// The fillet has to stay between the core it smooths and the handoff radius
+// where the arms become ordinary road surface; a fillet reaching past either
+// bound would cut the junction open or bridge across the carriageways.
+assert.ok(fengshuCornerFillets.every((feature) => {
+  const extent = radialExtent(feature, fengshuCore.properties.center, feature.properties.bisector_heading);
+  return extent[1] > fengshuCore.properties.radius_m * .5 && extent[1] < fengshuCore.properties.radius_m + 18;
+}), "corner fillets fill the wedge between the complex core and the approach handoff radius");
+assert.ok(fengshuCornerFillets.every((feature) => !ringSelfIntersects(feature.geometry.coordinates[0])), "corner fillet rings are simple polygons");
+const fengshuBoundaryRoadSurfaces = fengshuGeometry.roadSurface.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.cluster_id === fengshuCluster.id && !feature.properties.kind);
+assert.equal(fengshuBoundaryRoadSurfaces.length, 7, "complex junction keeps its OSM-derived exterior road surfaces");
+const fengshuPreviewLanes = fengshuGeometry.laneCenterlines.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.cluster_id === fengshuCluster.id && feature.properties.cluster_preview);
+assert.equal(fengshuPreviewLanes.length, 24);
+assert.equal(fengshuPreviewLanes.filter((feature) => feature.properties.incoming).length, 12);
+assert.equal(fengshuPreviewLanes.filter((feature) => feature.properties.maneuver === "outbound").length, 12);
+const fengshuBoundaryLanes = fengshuGeometry.laneCenterlines.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.cluster_id === fengshuCluster.id && feature.properties.cluster_boundary_clipped);
+assert.equal(fengshuBoundaryLanes.length, 24, "eight exterior three-lane carriageways remain visible outside the complex junction boundary");
+assert.ok(fengshuBoundaryLanes.every((feature) => !feature.properties.cluster_preview_hidden && !feature.properties.cluster_internal));
+assert.ok(fengshuPreviewLanes.every((feature) => {
+  const road = fengshuModel.roads.find((candidate) => candidate.id === feature.properties.road_id);
+  const laneHeading = bearingDegrees(feature.geometry.coordinates[0], feature.geometry.coordinates.at(-1));
+  const roadHeading = bearingDegrees(road.centerline[0], road.centerline.at(-1));
+  return axialHeadingDifference(laneHeading, roadHeading) < 3;
+}), "complex-junction lane centerlines remain parallel to their source OSM carriageways");
+assert.equal(fengshuGeometry.laneSeparators.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.cluster_id === fengshuCluster.id && feature.properties.provenance === "native-road-complex-lane-separator/v1").length, 16);
+const fengshuComplexControls = [
+  ...fengshuGeometry.crosswalks.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.cluster_id === fengshuCluster.id),
+  ...fengshuGeometry.vehicleStopLines.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.cluster_id === fengshuCluster.id),
+];
+assert.equal(fengshuGeometry.laneSeparators.features
+  .filter((feature) => feature.properties.cluster_id === fengshuCluster.id && feature.properties.provenance === "native-road-complex-lane-separator/v1").length, 16, "complex lane separators remain present after control-line clipping");
+const fengshuArmCrosswalks = fengshuGeometry.crosswalks.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.cluster_id === fengshuCluster.id && feature.properties.kind === "complex-crosswalk");
+assert.ok(fengshuArmCrosswalks.length > 24);
+assert.equal(new Set(fengshuArmCrosswalks.map((feature) => feature.properties.direction.toFixed(3))).size, 4, "four arm crosswalk groups define the central frame sides");
+assert.ok(fengshuArmCrosswalks.every((feature) => {
+  const road = fengshuModel.roads.find((candidate) => candidate.id === feature.properties.road_id);
+  const stripe = feature.geometry.coordinates[0];
+  const stripeHeading = bearingDegrees(stripe[0], stripe[1]);
+  const roadHeading = bearingDegrees(road.centerline[0], road.centerline.at(-1));
+  return axialHeadingDifference(stripeHeading, roadHeading) < 3
+    && distance(stripe[0], stripe[1]) > distance(stripe[1], stripe[2]) * 5;
+}), "each arm crosswalk stripe is long and axially parallel to its source OSM carriageway");
+assert.equal(fengshuGeometry.crosswalks.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.cluster_id === fengshuCluster.id && feature.properties.kind === "complex-corner-crosswalk").length, 24);
+assert.equal(fengshuGeometry.vehicleStopLines.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.cluster_id === fengshuCluster.id).length, 4);
+const fengshuStopApproachArrows = fengshuGeometry.directionArrows.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.cluster_id === fengshuCluster.id && feature.properties.provenance === "native-road-complex-preview-arrow/v2-stop-anchored");
+assert.equal(new Set(fengshuStopApproachArrows.map((feature) => feature.properties.lane_id)).size, 12, "each of the four complex approaches gets one maneuver arrow per generated lane");
+assert.deepEqual([...new Set(fengshuStopApproachArrows.map((feature) => feature.properties.maneuver))].sort(), ["left", "right", "through"], "complex approach arrows preserve lane maneuver assignments");
+assert.ok(fengshuStopApproachArrows.every((feature) => feature.properties.placement_distance_from_stop_meters === 8), "complex approach arrows are anchored upstream of their stop lines");
+assert.ok(fengshuStopApproachArrows.every((feature) => {
+  const lane = fengshuGeometry.laneCenterlines.features.find((candidate) => candidate.properties.native_id === feature.properties.lane_id);
+  return lane && Math.abs(feature.properties.travel_heading_deg - bearingDegrees(lane.geometry.coordinates[0], lane.geometry.coordinates.at(-1))) < .01;
+}), "complex stop-approach arrows retain the lane travel heading instead of the reversed placement axis");
+assert.equal(fengshuGeometry.sidewalkSurface.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.cluster_id === fengshuCluster.id && feature.properties.kind === "complex-median").length, 0, "complex junctions do not add center green belts");
+assert.equal(fengshuGeometry.sidewalkSurface.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.cluster_id === fengshuCluster.id && feature.properties.kind === "complex-corner-island").length, 4);
+assert.equal(fengshuGeometry.sidewalkSurface.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.cluster_id === fengshuCluster.id && feature.properties.kind === "complex-sidewalk-corner").length, 0, "complex junctions do not add center sidewalk/green-belt links");
+assert.ok(fengshuGeometry.sidewalkSurface.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.cluster_id === fengshuCluster.id).every((feature) => !ringSelfIntersects(feature.geometry.coordinates[0])));
+const fengshuCenter = fengshuRoadParts.find((feature) => feature.properties.kind === "complex-core").properties.center;
+for (let cornerIndex = 1; cornerIndex <= 4; cornerIndex += 1) {
+  const island = fengshuGeometry.sidewalkSurface.features.find((feature) => feature.properties.kind === "complex-corner-island" && feature.properties.corner_index === cornerIndex);
+  const crossing = fengshuGeometry.crosswalks.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.kind === "complex-corner-crosswalk" && feature.properties.corner_index === cornerIndex);
+  const heading = crossing[0].properties.direction;
+  const firstArm = groupedArmCrosswalk(fengshuArmCrosswalks, crossing[0].properties.from_heading);
+  const secondArm = groupedArmCrosswalk(fengshuArmCrosswalks, crossing[0].properties.to_heading);
+  const expectedFrameCorner = supportLineIntersection(featureGroupCenter(firstArm), headingForArmGroup(firstArm) + 90, featureGroupCenter(secondArm), headingForArmGroup(secondArm) + 90, fengshuCenter);
+  assert.ok(expectedFrameCorner, `corner ${cornerIndex} adjacent arm frame supports intersect`);
+  assert.ok(distance(featureGroupCenter(crossing), expectedFrameCorner) > 3.1 && distance(featureGroupCenter(crossing), expectedFrameCorner) < 3.7, `corner ${cornerIndex} diagonal crossing leaves compact room for a safety island beyond the frame corner`);
+  assert.ok(distance(crossing[0].properties.frame_corner, expectedFrameCorner) < .15, `corner ${cornerIndex} records its derived frame corner`);
+  assert.ok(distance(island.properties.frame_corner, expectedFrameCorner) < .15, `corner ${cornerIndex} safety island occupies its derived frame corner`);
+  const islandExtent = radialExtent(island, fengshuCenter, heading);
+  const crossingExtent = radialExtent(crossing, fengshuCenter, heading);
+  assert.ok(crossing.every((feature) => axialHeadingDifference(bearingDegrees(feature.geometry.coordinates[0][0], feature.geometry.coordinates[0][1]), heading) > 75), `corner ${cornerIndex} stripes remain transverse to the pedestrian path`);
+  const armVertices = [...firstArm, ...secondArm].flatMap((feature) => feature.geometry.coordinates[0]);
+  assert.ok(island.properties.base_points.every((point) => Math.min(...armVertices.map((vertex) => distance(point, vertex))) < .4), `corner ${cornerIndex} safety island base follows both long-crosswalk endpoints`);
+  assert.ok(island.properties.base_width_m > 6 && island.properties.base_width_m < 12, `corner ${cornerIndex} safety island fills the space left between two road-clipped crosswalks`);
+  assert.ok(island.properties.crossing_clearance_m >= .15 && island.properties.crossing_clearance_m <= .25, `corner ${cornerIndex} safety island fills the gap without extending through the diagonal crossing`);
+  assert.equal(island.geometry.coordinates[0].length, 7, `corner ${cornerIndex} safety island rounds the existing gap boundary without adding an outer platform`);
+  assert.ok(islandExtent[1] + .25 < crossingExtent[0], `corner ${cornerIndex} crossing starts beyond its safety island`);
+}
+for (const heading of [...new Set(fengshuArmCrosswalks.map((feature) => feature.properties.direction))]) {
+  const crossing = fengshuGeometry.crosswalks.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.kind === "complex-crosswalk" && Math.abs(feature.properties.direction - heading) < 1);
+  const stopLine = fengshuGeometry.vehicleStopLines.features.filter((feature) => Math.abs(feature.properties.direction - heading) < 2);
+  assert.ok(crossing.every((feature) => feature.properties.span_m > 20 && feature.properties.span_m <= feature.properties.road_envelope_span_m), "arm crosswalk spans the two three-lane carriageways without exceeding the OSM road envelope");
+  assert.ok(crossing.every((feature) => Math.abs(feature.properties.road_envelope_span_m - feature.properties.span_m - .7) < .05), "arm crosswalk keeps a curb inset on both road edges");
+  const lateralSpan = lateralExtent(crossing, fengshuCenter, heading);
+  assert.ok(lateralSpan[1] - lateralSpan[0] > crossing[0].properties.span_m - 1, "arm crosswalk geometry spans both three-lane carriageways and their median gap");
+  assert.ok(radialExtent(crossing, fengshuCenter, heading)[1] + .5 < radialExtent(stopLine, fengshuCenter, heading)[0], "incoming stop line is beyond the arm crosswalk");
+  assert.ok(radialExtent(stopLine, fengshuCenter, heading)[0] - radialExtent(crossing, fengshuCenter, heading)[1] < 1.2, "incoming stop line stays close to the arm crosswalk");
+}
+assert.deepEqual(crossCutbackTemplateGeometry.connectors.features.map((feature) => feature.properties.native_id).sort(), crossGeometry.connectors.features.map((feature) => feature.properties.native_id).sort());
+assert.deepEqual(crossCutbackTemplateGeometry.movements.map((movement) => movement.id).sort(), crossGeometry.movements.map((movement) => movement.id).sort());
+const missingReferenceGeometry = compileGeometry(compileRoadModel(crossOsm, empty), empty, {
+  junctionTemplates: { enabled: true, references: [{ nodeId: "2", template: "cross-v1", referenceFile: "/tmp/native-road-missing-junction-reference.geojson", cornerRadiusMultiplier: 1.1 }] },
+});
+assert.equal(missingReferenceGeometry.intersectionSurface.features[0].properties.template, null);
+assert.ok(missingReferenceGeometry.diagnostics.some((item) => item.rule === "junction-template-reference-missing"));
+const tTemplateGeometry = compileGeometry(compileRoadModel(osm, empty), empty, {
+  junctionTemplates: { enabled: true, references: [{ nodeId: "2", template: "cross-v1", cornerRadiusMultiplier: 1.1 }] },
+});
+assert.ok(tTemplateGeometry.intersectionSurface.features.every((feature) => feature.properties.template === null));
 const crossSidewalkCorners = crossGeometry.sidewalkSurface.features.filter((feature) => feature.properties.kind === "corner");
 assert.equal(crossSidewalkCorners.length, 4);
 // A rounded sidewalk corner must sample both the curb and outer boundaries.
@@ -217,6 +391,67 @@ try {
 function distance(a, b) {
   return Math.hypot((b[0] - a[0]) * 111320 * Math.cos(a[1] * Math.PI / 180), (b[1] - a[1]) * 111320);
 }
+function bearingDegrees(first, second) {
+  const east = (second[0] - first[0]) * Math.cos(first[1] * Math.PI / 180);
+  const north = second[1] - first[1];
+  return Math.atan2(east, north) * 180 / Math.PI;
+}
+function axialHeadingDifference(first, second) {
+  const difference = Math.abs(((first - second + 180) % 360 + 360) % 360 - 180);
+  return Math.min(difference, 180 - difference);
+}
+function ringSelfIntersects(ring) {
+  const orientation = (a, b, c) => (b[0] - a[0]) * (c[1] - a[1]) - (b[1] - a[1]) * (c[0] - a[0]);
+  for (let first = 0; first < ring.length - 1; first += 1) {
+    for (let second = first + 2; second < ring.length - 1; second += 1) {
+      if (first === 0 && second === ring.length - 2) continue;
+      if (orientation(ring[first], ring[first + 1], ring[second]) * orientation(ring[first], ring[first + 1], ring[second + 1]) < 0
+        && orientation(ring[second], ring[second + 1], ring[first]) * orientation(ring[second], ring[second + 1], ring[first + 1]) < 0) return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+function radialExtent(features, center, heading) {
+  const list = Array.isArray(features) ? features : [features];
+  const radians = heading * Math.PI / 180;
+  const values = list.flatMap((feature) => feature.geometry.coordinates[0].map((point) => {
+    const east = (point[0] - center[0]) * 111320 * Math.cos(center[1] * Math.PI / 180);
+    const north = (point[1] - center[1]) * 111320;
+    return east * Math.sin(radians) + north * Math.cos(radians);
+  }));
+  return [Math.min(...values), Math.max(...values)];
+}
+function lateralExtent(features, center, heading) {
+  return radialExtent(features, center, heading + 90);
+}
+function groupedArmCrosswalk(features, heading) {
+  return features.filter((feature) => directedHeadingDifference(feature.properties.direction, heading) < 1);
+}
+function directedHeadingDifference(first, second) {
+  return Math.abs(((first - second + 180) % 360 + 360) % 360 - 180);
+}
+function headingForArmGroup(features) {
+  return features[0].properties.direction;
+}
+function featureGroupCenter(features) {
+  const centers = features.map((feature) => {
+    const ring = feature.geometry.coordinates[0].slice(0, -1);
+    return ring.reduce((sum, point) => [sum[0] + point[0] / ring.length, sum[1] + point[1] / ring.length], [0, 0]);
+  });
+  return centers.reduce((sum, point) => [sum[0] + point[0] / centers.length, sum[1] + point[1] / centers.length], [0, 0]);
+}
+function supportLineIntersection(firstPoint, firstHeading, secondPoint, secondHeading, origin) {
+  const lonScale = 111320 * Math.cos(origin[1] * Math.PI / 180);
+  const local = (point) => [(point[0] - origin[0]) * lonScale, (point[1] - origin[1]) * 111320];
+  const direction = (heading) => [Math.sin(heading * Math.PI / 180), Math.cos(heading * Math.PI / 180)];
+  const first = local(firstPoint); const second = local(secondPoint);
+  const a = direction(firstHeading); const b = direction(secondHeading);
+  const denominator = a[0] * b[1] - a[1] * b[0];
+  if (Math.abs(denominator) < 1e-6) return null;
+  const delta = [second[0] - first[0], second[1] - first[1]];
+  const along = (delta[0] * b[1] - delta[1] * b[0]) / denominator;
+  return [origin[0] + (first[0] + a[0] * along) / lonScale, origin[1] + (first[1] + a[1] * along) / 111320];
+}
 function ringsOverlap(first, second) {
   const bounds = (ring) => [Math.min(...ring.map((point) => point[0])), Math.min(...ring.map((point) => point[1])), Math.max(...ring.map((point) => point[0])), Math.max(...ring.map((point) => point[1]))];
   const a = bounds(first); const b = bounds(second);
diff --git a/scripts/test-road-workbench.js b/scripts/test-road-workbench.js
index 3b88826..a54e955 100644
--- a/scripts/test-road-workbench.js
+++ b/scripts/test-road-workbench.js
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ const path = require("path");
 const html = fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, "workbench", "index.html"), "utf8");
 assert.match(html, /id="width" type="number" min="1" step="0\.01"/);
 assert.match(html, /data-layer="sidewalks" type="checkbox" checked> 路缘与步行带/);
+assert.match(html, /data-layer="gaodeReference" type="checkbox" checked> 高德规整路口参考/);
 assert.match(html, /id="scene-preview" type="checkbox"/);
 assert.match(html, /id="selected-junction" hidden/);
 const app = fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, "workbench", "app.js"), "utf8");
@@ -18,7 +19,13 @@ assert.match(app, /road\.segmentId === selectedRoad\.segmentId/);
 assert.match(app, /sidewalkLeft: rightInput\.checked, sidewalkRight: leftInput\.checked/);
 assert.match(app, /function nativeSurfaceStyle\(feature\)/);
 assert.match(app, /reference: new VectorLayer\(\{ source: source\(\), visible: false/);
+assert.match(app, /gaodeReference: new VectorLayer/);
+assert.match(app, /state\.junctionReference\?\.converted/);
+assert.match(app, /gaodeReferenceColors/);
 assert.match(app, /scene mode must render fills only/);
+assert.match(app, /readFeatures\(state\.layers\.nativeRoadSurface\)/);
+assert.doesNotMatch(app, /nativeRoadSurface, \(feature\) => !feature\.properties\?\.cluster_id/);
+assert.doesNotMatch(app, /&& !feature\.properties\?\.cluster_preview\)/);
 assert.match(app, /scenePreviewToggle\.onchange/);
 assert.match(app, /layers\.sidewalks\.setVisible\(document\.querySelector\('\[data-layer="sidewalks"\]'\)\.checked\)/);
 assert.match(app, /function selectJunction\(feature\)/);
@@ -75,6 +82,8 @@ assert.match(app, /headFeatures\.push\(new Feature/);
 assert.match(app, /faceFeatures\.push\(new Feature/);
 const server = fs.readFileSync(path.join(__dirname, "road-workbench.js"), "utf8");
 assert.match(server, /\/api\/traffic-signals\/generate/);
+assert.match(server, /function compileFresh\(configPath\)/);
+assert.match(server, /execFileSync\(process\.execPath, \[path\.join\(repoRoot, "scripts", "compile-native-roads\.js"\)/, "workbench regeneration must load the current compiler in a fresh process");
 assert.doesNotMatch(app, /导入 QGIS|导出 QGIS/);
 assert.doesNotMatch(server, /traffic-signals\/(?:import|export)-qgis/);
 console.log("road workbench tests passed");
diff --git a/scripts/test-traffic-signals.js b/scripts/test-traffic-signals.js
index b3e7e67..16c8c0a 100644
--- a/scripts/test-traffic-signals.js
+++ b/scripts/test-traffic-signals.js
@@ -3,12 +3,16 @@
 "use strict";
 
 const assert = require("assert");
+const fs = require("fs");
+const os = require("os");
+const path = require("path");
 const {
   buildTrafficSignalFeatures,
   buildTrafficSignalsFromFeatures,
   validateTrafficSignalFeatures,
   validateTrafficSignalSourceReferences,
 } = require("./lib/traffic-signals");
+const { SCHEMA, loadOrGenerate } = require("./lib/native-traffic-signals");
 
 function rectangle(lon, lat, dx = 0.00003, dy = 0.000006) {
   return { type: "Feature", geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [[
@@ -41,6 +45,28 @@ assert.deepEqual(
   "technical ids are deterministic",
 );
 
+const clusteredStops = { type: "FeatureCollection", features: [
+  rectangle(119.99995, 30.00005, 0.000006, 0.00003), rectangle(120.00010, 30.00025),
+  rectangle(120.00035, 30.00005, 0.000006, 0.00003), rectangle(120.00010, 29.99985),
+].map((feature) => ({ ...feature, properties: { cluster_id: "generic-complex" } })) };
+const polarityAgnosticControl = { ...control, arms: [{ ...arms[0], headingDegrees: 90 }, ...arms.slice(1)] };
+const ordinaryWithReversedArm = buildTrafficSignalFeatures(stops, intersections, [polarityAgnosticControl]);
+assert.ok(
+  !new Set(stops.features.map(stopCenterKey)).has(signalStopKey(ordinaryWithReversedArm.features.find((feature) => feature.properties.source_way_id === "east"))),
+  "ordinary candidates retain directed matching",
+);
+const clustered = buildTrafficSignalFeatures(clusteredStops, { type: "FeatureCollection", features: [] }, [polarityAgnosticControl]);
+assert.equal(clustered.features.length, 4, "complex stop lines form a signal group without an ordinary intersection surface");
+assert.deepEqual(
+  new Set(clustered.features.map(signalStopKey)),
+  new Set(clusteredStops.features.map(stopCenterKey)),
+  "complex OSM arms consume each stop-line candidate exactly once",
+);
+assert.ok(clustered.features.every((feature) => {
+  const stop = [feature.properties.stop_lon, feature.properties.stop_lat];
+  return metersBetweenForTest(feature.geometry.coordinates, stop) > 4.8 && metersBetweenForTest(feature.geometry.coordinates, stop) < 5.6;
+}), "complex signal poles are positioned from their matched stop lines");
+
 const edited = structuredClone(cross);
 const first = edited.features[0];
 const originalStop = [first.properties.stop_lon, first.properties.stop_lat];
@@ -84,6 +110,19 @@ assert.equal(migrated.face_heading_deg, 222, "legacy heading preserves the histo
 edited.features[1].properties.enabled = "0";
 assert.equal(buildTrafficSignalsFromFeatures(edited).signals.length, 3, "disabled assemblies are omitted");
 
+function metersBetweenForTest(first, second) {
+  return Math.hypot((first[0] - second[0]) * 111320 * Math.cos(first[1] * Math.PI / 180), (first[1] - second[1]) * 111320);
+}
+
+function stopCenterKey(feature) {
+  const ring = feature.geometry.coordinates[0].slice(0, -1);
+  return `${ring.reduce((sum, point) => sum + point[0], 0) / ring.length},${ring.reduce((sum, point) => sum + point[1], 0) / ring.length}`;
+}
+
+function signalStopKey(feature) {
+  return `${feature.properties.stop_lon},${feature.properties.stop_lat}`;
+}
+
 const duplicateUid = structuredClone(cross);
 duplicateUid.features[1].properties.signal_uid = duplicateUid.features[0].properties.signal_uid;
 assert.throws(() => validateTrafficSignalFeatures(duplicateUid), /Duplicate signal_uid/);
@@ -129,4 +168,31 @@ const missingDirections = structuredClone(cross);
 for (const key of ["heading_deg", "mast_heading_deg", "face_heading_deg"]) missingDirections.features[0].properties[key] = null;
 assert.throws(() => validateTrafficSignalFeatures(missingDirections), /missing mast_heading_deg/);
 
+const changedOsm = `
+  <osm>
+    <node id="control-1" lon="120.0001" lat="30.00005"><tag k="highway" v="traffic_signals" /></node>
+    <node id="w1" lon="119.9998" lat="30.00005" />
+    <node id="n1" lon="120.0001" lat="30.00035" />
+    <node id="e1" lon="120.0004" lat="30.00005" />
+    <way id="west"><nd ref="w1" /><nd ref="control-1" /><tag k="highway" v="primary" /></way>
+    <way id="north"><nd ref="control-1" /><nd ref="n1" /><tag k="highway" v="primary" /></way>
+    <way id="east"><nd ref="control-1" /><nd ref="e1" /><tag k="highway" v="primary" /></way>
+  </osm>`;
+const temporaryDirectory = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "native-traffic-signals-"));
+const generatedSignalPath = path.join(temporaryDirectory, "generated.json");
+try {
+  fs.writeFileSync(generatedSignalPath, JSON.stringify({ schema: SCHEMA, provenance: "generated:osm-controls", assemblies: cross }));
+  const regenerated = loadOrGenerate(generatedSignalPath, changedOsm, stops, intersections);
+  assert.equal(regenerated.assemblies.features.length, 3, "stale OSM-generated signals must refresh after OSM approaches change");
+
+  fs.writeFileSync(generatedSignalPath, JSON.stringify({ schema: SCHEMA, provenance: "edited:workbench", assemblies: cross }));
+  assert.throws(
+    () => loadOrGenerate(generatedSignalPath, changedOsm, stops, intersections),
+    /approach_id .* is not present on OSM control/,
+    "manually maintained signals must not be silently replaced",
+  );
+} finally {
+  fs.rmSync(temporaryDirectory, { recursive: true, force: true });
+}
+
 console.log("Traffic signal tests passed.");
diff --git a/scripts/workbench/app.js b/scripts/workbench/app.js
index 0426c19..0d052d0 100644
--- a/scripts/workbench/app.js
+++ b/scripts/workbench/app.js
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ controlsToggle.innerHTML = '<input data-layer="controls" type="checkbox" checked
 const signalsToggle = document.createElement("label");
 signalsToggle.innerHTML = '<input data-layer="signals" type="checkbox" checked> 红绿灯设施';
 document.querySelector('[data-layer="lanes"]').closest("label").after(directionArrowsToggle, markingsToggle, centerLinesToggle, edgeLinesToggle, controlsToggle, signalsToggle);
+const gaodeReferenceColors = { 1: "#2563eb", 2: "#0f766e", 3: "#7c3aed", 4: "#ea580c", 5: "#64748b" };
 
 let state;
 let selectedRoad = null;
@@ -83,6 +84,7 @@ const signalPicker = signalPanel.querySelector('[name="signal-picker"]');
 const source = () => new VectorSource();
 const layers = {
   reference: new VectorLayer({ source: source(), visible: false, style: new Style({ fill: new Fill({ color: "rgba(123, 140, 148, .28)" }), stroke: new Stroke({ color: "#8999a0", width: 1 }) }) }),
+  gaodeReference: new VectorLayer({ source: source(), visible: true, zIndex: 1, style: (feature) => { const color = gaodeReferenceColors[feature.get("type")] || "#475569"; return new Style({ fill: new Fill({ color: `${color}26` }), stroke: new Stroke({ color, width: 1.5 }) }); } }),
   native: new VectorLayer({ source: source(), style: nativeSurfaceStyle }),
   edgeLines: new VectorLayer({ source: source(), visible: false, style: markingStyle }),
   sidewalks: new VectorLayer({ source: source(), style: sidewalkSurfaceStyle }),
@@ -99,7 +101,7 @@ const layers = {
   selectedRoad: new VectorLayer({ source: source(), style: new Style({ stroke: new Stroke({ color: "#00a5cf", width: 8 }) }), zIndex: 10 }),
   selectedMovement: new VectorLayer({ source: source(), style: new Style({ stroke: new Stroke({ color: "#f0b323", width: 6 }) }), zIndex: 12 }),
 };
-const map = new Map({ target: "map", layers: [layers.reference, layers.native, layers.edgeLines, layers.sidewalks, layers.osm, layers.lanes, layers.directionArrows, layers.markings, layers.centerLines, layers.controls, layers.signals, layers.connectors, layers.diagnostics, layers.selectedRoad, layers.osmDirection, layers.selectedMovement], view: new View({ center: [0, 0], zoom: 2 }) });
+const map = new Map({ target: "map", layers: [layers.gaodeReference, layers.reference, layers.native, layers.edgeLines, layers.sidewalks, layers.osm, layers.lanes, layers.directionArrows, layers.markings, layers.centerLines, layers.controls, layers.signals, layers.connectors, layers.diagnostics, layers.selectedRoad, layers.osmDirection, layers.selectedMovement], view: new View({ center: [0, 0], zoom: 2 }) });
 const select = new Select({ condition: click, layers: (layer) => manualFromEndpoint ? layer === layers.osm : [layers.osm, layers.lanes, layers.directionArrows, layers.markings, layers.centerLines, layers.edgeLines, layers.controls, layers.signals, layers.connectors, layers.native, layers.diagnostics].includes(layer), hitTolerance: 12, style: null });
 map.addInteraction(select);
 select.on("select", ({ selected }) => {
@@ -155,7 +157,7 @@ function osmDirectionLabel(road) { return road?.direction === "forward" ? "沿 O
 function roadIdFromLane(laneId) { return typeof laneId === "string" ? laneId.slice(5, laneId.lastIndexOf(":")) : ""; }
 function laneIndex(laneId) { return Number(String(laneId).split(":").at(-1)); }
 function lanePositionLabel(road, index) { return road?.laneCount === 1 ? "唯一车道" : `左起第 ${index} 车道`; }
-function laneStyle(feature) { const selected = feature.get("road_id") === selectedRoad?.id; return new Style({ stroke: new Stroke({ color: selected ? "#006e91" : "#f5f6ee", width: selected ? 3 : 1.3, lineDash: [5, 4] }) }); }
+function laneStyle(feature) { const roadId = feature.get("road_id"); const selected = Boolean(roadId && selectedRoad && roadId === selectedRoad.id); const composite = feature.get("cluster_preview"); return new Style({ stroke: new Stroke({ color: selected ? "#006e91" : "#f5f6ee", width: selected ? 3 : composite ? 1.6 : 1.3, lineDash: composite ? [7, 5] : [5, 4] }) }); }
 function markingStyle(feature) { const yellow = feature?.get("color") === "yellow"; return new Style({ fill: new Fill({ color: yellow ? "#f5be2a" : "#f5f6ee" }), stroke: new Stroke({ color: yellow ? "#d29d16" : "#d9dacf", width: 1 }) }); }
 function signalAssemblyStyle(feature) { const component = feature.get("signal_component"); if (component === "mast") return [new Style({ stroke: new Stroke({ color: "#fff", width: 9 }) }), new Style({ stroke: new Stroke({ color: "#007f99", width: 5 }) })]; if (component === "face") return [new Style({ stroke: new Stroke({ color: "#fff", width: 7 }) }), new Style({ stroke: new Stroke({ color: "#df2435", width: 3 }) })]; if (component === "head") { const heading = Number(feature.get("face_heading_deg")) || 0; return new Style({ image: new RegularShape({ points: 3, radius: 8, rotation: heading * Math.PI / 180, fill: new Fill({ color: "#df2435" }), stroke: new Stroke({ color: "#fff", width: 2 }) }) }); } return new Style({ image: new RegularShape({ points: 4, radius: 6, angle: Math.PI / 4, fill: new Fill({ color: "#263630" }), stroke: new Stroke({ color: "#fff", width: 2 }) }) }); }
 function centerLineStyle(feature) { const white = feature.get("color") === "white"; const color = white ? "#faf9ee" : "#f5be2a"; return new Style({ fill: new Fill({ color }), stroke: new Stroke({ color: feature.get("pattern") === "solid" ? color : white ? "#aeb0aa" : "#d29d16", width: feature.get("pattern") === "solid" ? .25 : .8 }) }); }
@@ -163,6 +165,9 @@ function nativeSurfaceStyle(feature) {
   // Split road features meet at OSM junction nodes. Their per-feature outlines
   // are editing aids, not physical seams, so scene mode must render fills only.
   if (scenePreview) return new Style({ fill: new Fill({ color: "#3f4b50" }) });
+  if (feature.get("cluster_id") && feature.get("complex_part")) return new Style({ fill: new Fill({ color: "#6f948a" }) });
+  if (feature.get("kind") === "cluster") return new Style({ fill: new Fill({ color: "rgba(20, 132, 112, .5)" }), stroke: new Stroke({ color: "#075e4f", width: 4, lineDash: [10, 5] }) });
+  if (feature.get("template")) return new Style({ fill: new Fill({ color: "rgba(20, 132, 112, .46)" }), stroke: new Stroke({ color: "#087c67", width: 3, lineDash: [7, 4] }) });
   return feature.get("native_id")?.startsWith("junction:")
     ? new Style({ fill: new Fill({ color: "rgba(12, 116, 91, .38)" }), stroke: new Stroke({ color: "#0e785f", width: 1.5 }) })
     : new Style({ fill: new Fill({ color: "rgba(40, 105, 86, .35)" }), stroke: new Stroke({ color: "#296956", width: 1 }) });
@@ -180,24 +185,25 @@ function roadForFeature(feature) {
   const roadId = properties.road_id || properties.subjectId || roadIdFromLane(properties.from_lane_id) || properties.directional_road_ids?.split(",")[0];
   return state.compiled.model.roads.find((road) => road.id === roadId) || null;
 }
-function junctionForFeature(feature) { const id = feature.get("native_id"); return id?.startsWith("junction:") ? layers.native.getSource().getFeatures().find((item) => item.get("native_id") === id) : null; }
+function junctionForFeature(feature) { const id = feature.get("native_id"); return id?.startsWith("junction:") || id?.startsWith("junction-cluster:") ? layers.native.getSource().getFeatures().find((item) => item.get("native_id") === id) : null; }
 function endpointFor(road, side) { return state.compiled.model.endpoints.find((endpoint) => endpoint.roadId === road?.id && endpoint.side === side) || null; }
 function endpointsCompatible(from, to) { if (!from || !to || from.roadId === to.roadId || from.side !== "end" || to.side !== "start") return false; if (from.nodeId === to.nodeId) return true; const dx = (from.coordinate[0] - to.coordinate[0]) * 111320 * Math.cos(from.coordinate[1] * Math.PI / 180); const dy = (from.coordinate[1] - to.coordinate[1]) * 111320; return Math.hypot(dx, dy) <= 35; }
-function readFeatures(collection) { return geojson.readFeatures(collection || { type: "FeatureCollection", features: [] }, { dataProjection: "EPSG:4326", featureProjection: "EPSG:3857" }); }
+function readFeatures(collection, predicate = null) { const source = collection || { type: "FeatureCollection", features: [] }; const filtered = predicate ? { ...source, features: (source.features || []).filter(predicate) } : source; return geojson.readFeatures(filtered, { dataProjection: "EPSG:4326", featureProjection: "EPSG:3857" }); }
 function rawRoadFeatures() { return state.compiled.model.roads.map((road) => new Feature({ geometry: new LineString(road.centerline).transform("EPSG:4326", "EPSG:3857"), road_id: road.id })); }
 function updateSources() {
   layers.reference.getSource().clear(); layers.reference.getSource().addFeatures(readFeatures(state.layers.osm2streetsRoadSurface));
+  layers.gaodeReference.getSource().clear(); layers.gaodeReference.getSource().addFeatures(readFeatures(state.junctionReference?.converted));
   layers.native.getSource().clear(); layers.native.getSource().addFeatures([...readFeatures(state.layers.nativeRoadSurface), ...readFeatures(state.layers.nativeIntersectionSurface)]);
   layers.sidewalks.getSource().clear(); layers.sidewalks.getSource().addFeatures(readFeatures(state.layers.nativeSidewalkSurface));
   layers.osm.getSource().clear(); layers.osm.getSource().addFeatures(rawRoadFeatures());
-  layers.lanes.getSource().clear(); layers.lanes.getSource().addFeatures(readFeatures(state.layers.laneCenterlines));
+  layers.lanes.getSource().clear(); layers.lanes.getSource().addFeatures(readFeatures(state.layers.laneCenterlines, (feature) => !feature.properties?.cluster_internal && !feature.properties?.cluster_preview_hidden));
   layers.edgeLines.getSource().clear(); layers.edgeLines.getSource().addFeatures(readFeatures(state.layers.edgeLines));
-  layers.directionArrows.getSource().clear(); layers.directionArrows.getSource().addFeatures(readFeatures(state.layers.directionArrows));
-  layers.markings.getSource().clear(); layers.markings.getSource().addFeatures([...readFeatures(state.layers.laneSeparators), ...readFeatures(state.layers.turnArrows)]);
-  layers.centerLines.getSource().clear(); layers.centerLines.getSource().addFeatures(readFeatures(state.layers.centerLines));
+  layers.directionArrows.getSource().clear(); layers.directionArrows.getSource().addFeatures(readFeatures(state.layers.directionArrows, (feature) => !feature.properties?.cluster_preview_hidden));
+  layers.markings.getSource().clear(); layers.markings.getSource().addFeatures([...readFeatures(state.layers.laneSeparators, (feature) => !feature.properties?.cluster_preview_hidden), ...readFeatures(state.layers.turnArrows, (feature) => !feature.properties?.cluster_preview_hidden)]);
+  layers.centerLines.getSource().clear(); layers.centerLines.getSource().addFeatures(readFeatures(state.layers.centerLines, (feature) => !feature.properties?.cluster_preview_hidden));
   layers.controls.getSource().clear(); layers.controls.getSource().addFeatures([...readFeatures(state.layers.crosswalks), ...readFeatures(state.layers.vehicleStopLines)]);
   const signalFeatures = readFeatures(state.trafficSignals?.assemblies || { type: "FeatureCollection", features: [] }); const armFeatures = []; const faceFeatures = []; const headFeatures = []; for (const signal of state.trafficRuntime?.signals || []) { const arm = signal.pose?.arm; const head = signal.pose?.head; if (!arm || !head) continue; const properties = { signal_uid: signal.id }; const headPoint = fromLonLat([head.longitude, head.latitude]); const radians = Number(head.faceHeadingDegrees) * Math.PI / 180; const faceEnd = [headPoint[0] + Math.sin(radians) * 2.5, headPoint[1] + Math.cos(radians) * 2.5]; armFeatures.push(new Feature({ geometry: new LineString([fromLonLat([arm.from.longitude, arm.from.latitude]), fromLonLat([arm.to.longitude, arm.to.latitude])]), signal_component: "mast", ...properties })); faceFeatures.push(new Feature({ geometry: new LineString([headPoint, faceEnd]), signal_component: "face", ...properties })); headFeatures.push(new Feature({ geometry: new Point(faceEnd), signal_component: "head", face_heading_deg: head.faceHeadingDegrees, ...properties })); } layers.signals.getSource().clear(); layers.signals.getSource().addFeatures([...armFeatures, ...faceFeatures, ...signalFeatures, ...headFeatures]); const pickerValue = signalPicker.value; signalPicker.replaceChildren(new Option("选择设施", "")); signalFeatures.forEach((feature) => signalPicker.add(new Option(feature.get("display_id") || feature.get("signal_uid"), feature.get("signal_uid")))); signalPicker.value = pickerValue;
-  layers.connectors.getSource().clear(); layers.connectors.getSource().addFeatures(readFeatures(state.layers.connectors));
+  layers.connectors.getSource().clear(); layers.connectors.getSource().addFeatures(readFeatures(state.layers.connectors, (feature) => !feature.properties?.cluster_internal));
   layers.diagnostics.getSource().clear(); layers.diagnostics.getSource().addFeatures(readFeatures({ type: "FeatureCollection", features: state.compiled.diagnostics.filter((item) => item.geometry).map(({ geometry, ...properties }) => ({ type: "Feature", properties, geometry })) }));
   const extent = layers.osm.getSource().getExtent(); if (Number.isFinite(extent[0])) map.getView().fit(extent, { padding: [48, 48, 48, 48], maxZoom: 19 });
 }
@@ -220,8 +226,8 @@ function selectJunction(feature) {
   selectedJunction = feature; selectedRoad = null; selectedMovement = null; form.hidden = true; hint.hidden = true; selectedJunctionPanel.hidden = false;
   const properties = feature.getProperties(); const roadIds = String(properties.source_road_ids || "").split(",").filter(Boolean);
   const roads = roadIds.map((id) => state.compiled.model.roads.find((road) => road.id === id)).filter(Boolean);
-  junctionDetail.textContent = JSON.stringify({ OSM节点: properties.osm_node_id, 类型: properties.kind === "t" ? "T字路口" : "十字路口", 参与方向道路: roads.map((road) => ({ 道路: roadLabel(road), OSM道路: road.osmWayIds, 节点顺序: road.sourceNodeIds })), 构面规则: properties.rule, 边界策略: properties.boundary_mode, 基础截面面积平方米: properties.approach_area_m2, 最终路口面积平方米: properties.surface_area_m2, 外缘扩张倍率: properties.expansion_ratio, 路口退让距离米: properties.cutback_m, 行驶动作数: properties.movement_count, 已绘制连接数: properties.connector_count }, null, 2);
-  message(`已选中路口：OSM 节点 ${properties.osm_node_id}`);
+  junctionDetail.textContent = JSON.stringify({ OSM节点: properties.osm_node_id || properties.osm_node_ids, 类型: properties.kind === "cluster" ? "复合路口簇" : properties.kind === "t" ? "T字路口" : "十字路口", 参与方向道路: roads.map((road) => ({ 道路: roadLabel(road), OSM道路: road.osmWayIds, 节点顺序: road.sourceNodeIds })), 构面规则: properties.rule, 模板: properties.template, 边界策略: properties.boundary_mode, 基础截面面积平方米: properties.approach_area_m2, 最终路口面积平方米: properties.surface_area_m2, 外缘扩张倍率: properties.expansion_ratio, 路口退让距离米: properties.cutback_m, 行驶动作数: properties.movement_count, 已绘制连接数: properties.connector_count }, null, 2);
+  message(`已选中路口：OSM 节点 ${properties.osm_node_id || properties.osm_node_ids}`);
 }
 function selectSignal(feature) {
   selectedSignal = feature.get("signal_uid"); const p = feature.getProperties(); signalPicker.value = selectedSignal;
@@ -304,13 +310,30 @@ centerLineForm.onsubmit = (event) => { event.preventDefault(); stageSelectedCent
 centerLineStyleInput.onchange = stageSelectedCenterLineStyle;
 async function saveStagedChanges() { if (!staged.length) return true; const existing = state.overrides.overrides.filter((item) => !staged.some((change) => change.id === item.id)); const response = await fetch("/api/overrides", { method: "POST", headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" }, body: JSON.stringify({ schema: "native-road-overrides/v1", overrides: [...existing, ...staged] }) }); const result = await response.json(); if (!result.ok) { message(result.error); return false; } state.overrides = result.overrides; staged = []; updateDirtyState(); return true; }
 saveButton.onclick = async () => { if (await saveStagedChanges()) message("已保存，点击“保存并重新生成”写入几何"); };
-compileButton.onclick = async () => { if (!await saveStagedChanges()) return; message("正在保存修改并重新生成..."); const response = await fetch("/api/compile", { method: "POST" }); state = await response.json(); staged = []; updateDirtyState(); updateSources(); renderDiagnostics(); renderSummary(); selectRoad(selectedRoad ? state.compiled.model.roads.find((road) => road.id === selectedRoad.id) : null); message("已保存并重新生成"); };
+compileButton.onclick = async () => {
+  if (!await saveStagedChanges()) return;
+  message("正在保存修改并重新生成...");
+  const response = await fetch("/api/compile", { method: "POST", cache: "no-store" });
+  const nextState = await response.json();
+  if (!response.ok || nextState.ok === false || !nextState.compiled?.model || !nextState.layers) {
+    message(`重新生成失败：${nextState.error || `HTTP ${response.status}`}`);
+    return;
+  }
+  state = nextState;
+  staged = [];
+  updateDirtyState();
+  updateSources();
+  renderDiagnostics();
+  renderSummary();
+  selectRoad(selectedRoad ? state.compiled.model.roads.find((road) => road.id === selectedRoad.id) : null);
+  message("已保存并重新生成");
+};
 for (const input of document.querySelectorAll("[data-layer]")) input.onchange = () => { const visible = input.checked; layers[input.dataset.layer].setVisible(visible); if (input.dataset.layer === "osm") layers.osmDirection.setVisible(visible); };
 scenePreviewToggle.onchange = () => {
   scenePreview = scenePreviewToggle.checked;
   for (const input of document.querySelectorAll("[data-layer]")) {
     const layer = input.dataset.layer;
-    if (["osm", "lanes", "reference"].includes(layer)) layers[layer].setVisible(!scenePreview && input.checked);
+    if (["osm", "lanes", "reference", "gaodeReference"].includes(layer)) layers[layer].setVisible(!scenePreview && input.checked);
   }
   layers.osmDirection.setVisible(!scenePreview && document.querySelector('[data-layer="osm"]').checked);
   layers.connectors.setVisible(!scenePreview && document.querySelector('[data-layer="lanes"]').checked);
diff --git a/scripts/workbench/index.html b/scripts/workbench/index.html
index 866a9cd..528b28e 100644
--- a/scripts/workbench/index.html
+++ b/scripts/workbench/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 <!doctype html>
 <html lang="zh-CN"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><title>道路编译工作台</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/vendor/ol/ol.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/app.css"></head>
 <body><header><strong>道路编译工作台</strong><span id="area"></span><span id="status"></span><span id="dirty-state" aria-live="polite"></span><label style="display:inline;margin:0 0 0 auto;white-space:nowrap"><input id="scene-preview" type="checkbox"> 场景效果</label><button id="save">保存修改</button><button id="compile">保存并重新生成</button></header>
-<main><aside class="issues"><h1>图层</h1><label><input data-layer="osm" type="checkbox" checked> OSM 道路中心线</label><label><input data-layer="native" type="checkbox" checked> 自研道路与路口面</label><label><input data-layer="sidewalks" type="checkbox" checked> 路缘与步行带</label><label><input data-layer="lanes" type="checkbox" checked> 车道与转向路径</label><label><input data-layer="reference" type="checkbox"> osm2streets 参考面</label><hr><h1>当前编译概览</h1><dl id="summary"></dl><hr><h1>待检查问题</h1><div id="diagnostic-filters" class="segmented"><button data-diagnostic-filter="all" type="button">全部</button><button data-diagnostic-filter="candidates" type="button">可连接</button><button data-diagnostic-filter="other" type="button">其他</button></div><ul id="diagnostics"></ul></aside><section id="map" class="map"></section><aside class="inspector"><h1>当前道路设置</h1><p id="hint">点击道路、车道、转向路径或路口面以查看详情。</p><section id="selected-junction" hidden><h2>当前路口</h2><output id="junction-detail"></output></section><form id="road-form" hidden><label>道路</label><output id="road-name"></output><output id="movement-summary"></output><output id="lane-convention"></output><section id="selected-movement" hidden><h2>当前行驶动作</h2><output id="movement-detail"></output></section><div id="direction-switch"></div><label>本方向道路宽度（米）<input id="width" type="number" min="1" step="0.01"></label><label>本方向车道数<input id="lanes" type="number" min="1" step="1"></label><label><input id="left" type="checkbox"> 左侧有路缘与步行带</label><label><input id="right" type="checkbox"> 右侧有路缘与步行带</label><button type="submit">暂存本道路修改</button></form><form id="center-line-form" hidden><h2 id="marking-style-heading">道路中心线样式</h2><output id="center-line-segment"></output><label>样式<select id="center-line-style"><option value="yellow-dashed">黄色虚线（默认）</option><option value="white-dashed">白色虚线</option><option value="yellow-solid">黄色实线</option><option value="white-solid">白色实线</option></select></label><button type="submit">暂存标线样式</button></form><hr><h2>路口连接</h2><div id="connections">请选择一条道路。</div><button id="add-connection" type="button" hidden>手工新增驶出连接</button><details><summary>技术详情与来源</summary><pre id="evidence">无</pre></details></aside></main><script type="importmap">{"imports":{"rbush":"/vendor/rbush/index.js","quickselect":"/vendor/quickselect/index.js"}}</script><script type="module" src="/app.js"></script></body></html>
+<main><aside class="issues"><h1>图层</h1><label><input data-layer="osm" type="checkbox" checked> OSM 道路中心线</label><label><input data-layer="native" type="checkbox" checked> 自研道路与路口面</label><label><input data-layer="sidewalks" type="checkbox" checked> 路缘与步行带</label><label><input data-layer="lanes" type="checkbox" checked> 车道与转向路径</label><label><input data-layer="gaodeReference" type="checkbox" checked> 高德规整路口参考</label><label><input data-layer="reference" type="checkbox"> osm2streets 参考面</label><hr><h1>当前编译概览</h1><dl id="summary"></dl><hr><h1>待检查问题</h1><div id="diagnostic-filters" class="segmented"><button data-diagnostic-filter="all" type="button">全部</button><button data-diagnostic-filter="candidates" type="button">可连接</button><button data-diagnostic-filter="other" type="button">其他</button></div><ul id="diagnostics"></ul></aside><section id="map" class="map"></section><aside class="inspector"><h1>当前道路设置</h1><p id="hint">点击道路、车道、转向路径或路口面以查看详情。</p><section id="selected-junction" hidden><h2>当前路口</h2><output id="junction-detail"></output></section><form id="road-form" hidden><label>道路</label><output id="road-name"></output><output id="movement-summary"></output><output id="lane-convention"></output><section id="selected-movement" hidden><h2>当前行驶动作</h2><output id="movement-detail"></output></section><div id="direction-switch"></div><label>本方向道路宽度（米）<input id="width" type="number" min="1" step="0.01"></label><label>本方向车道数<input id="lanes" type="number" min="1" step="1"></label><label><input id="left" type="checkbox"> 左侧有路缘与步行带</label><label><input id="right" type="checkbox"> 右侧有路缘与步行带</label><button type="submit">暂存本道路修改</button></form><form id="center-line-form" hidden><h2 id="marking-style-heading">道路中心线样式</h2><output id="center-line-segment"></output><label>样式<select id="center-line-style"><option value="yellow-dashed">黄色虚线（默认）</option><option value="white-dashed">白色虚线</option><option value="yellow-solid">黄色实线</option><option value="white-solid">白色实线</option></select></label><button type="submit">暂存标线样式</button></form><hr><h2>路口连接</h2><div id="connections">请选择一条道路。</div><button id="add-connection" type="button" hidden>手工新增驶出连接</button><details><summary>技术详情与来源</summary><pre id="evidence">无</pre></details></aside></main><script type="importmap">{"imports":{"rbush":"/vendor/rbush/index.js","quickselect":"/vendor/quickselect/index.js"}}</script><script type="module" src="/app.js"></script></body></html>