diff --git a/scripts/build-area.js b/scripts/build-area.js
index e1e422f..2f06583 100755
--- a/scripts/build-area.js
+++ b/scripts/build-area.js
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ function normalizeAreaConfig(raw) {
       outputOverrides.cesiumPreview || path.join(areaDir, `${fileStem}-cesium-preview.html`),
     ),
     vehicleRoute: path.resolve(outputOverrides.vehicleRoute || path.join(areaDir, `${fileStem}-vehicle-route.json`)),
+    vehicleModel: path.resolve(outputOverrides.vehicleModel || path.join(areaDir, `${fileStem}-vehicle-car.gltf`)),
     pipelineDir: path.resolve(outputOverrides.pipelineDir || path.join(areaDir, "_pipeline")),
   };
 
@@ -274,10 +275,12 @@ function writeCesiumPreview(area) {
   const htmlPath = area.outputs.cesiumPreview;
   fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(htmlPath), { recursive: true });
   writeVehicleRoute(area);
+  writeVehicleModel(area);
   const glbName = path.basename(area.outputs.glb);
   const metadataName = path.basename(area.outputs.metadata);
   const routeName = path.basename(area.outputs.vehicleRoute);
-  fs.writeFileSync(htmlPath, cesiumPreviewHtml(glbName, metadataName, routeName, area.id));
+  const vehicleModelName = path.basename(area.outputs.vehicleModel);
+  fs.writeFileSync(htmlPath, cesiumPreviewHtml(glbName, metadataName, routeName, vehicleModelName, area.id));
   console.log(`Cesium preview: ${htmlPath}`);
 }
 
@@ -288,6 +291,13 @@ function writeVehicleRoute(area) {
   console.log(`Vehicle route: ${area.outputs.vehicleRoute}`);
 }
 
+function writeVehicleModel(area) {
+  const gltf = makeVehicleGltf();
+  fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(area.outputs.vehicleModel), { recursive: true });
+  fs.writeFileSync(area.outputs.vehicleModel, `${JSON.stringify(gltf, null, 2)}\n`);
+  console.log(`Vehicle model: ${area.outputs.vehicleModel}`);
+}
+
 function buildVehicleRoute(osmPath) {
   const xml = fs.readFileSync(osmPath, "utf8");
   const bounds = osmBounds(xml);
@@ -434,7 +444,175 @@ function degreesToRadians(value) {
   return value * Math.PI / 180;
 }
 
-function cesiumPreviewHtml(glbName, metadataName, routeName, areaId) {
+function makeVehicleGltf() {
+  const meshes = [];
+  const nodes = [];
+  const bufferParts = [];
+  const bufferViews = [];
+  const accessors = [];
+
+  function align4(bytes) {
+    while (bytes.length % 4 !== 0) bytes.push(0);
+  }
+
+  function addBufferView(bytes, target) {
+    align4(bufferParts);
+    const offset = bufferParts.length;
+    bufferParts.push(...bytes);
+    const view = { buffer: 0, byteOffset: offset, byteLength: bytes.length };
+    if (target) view.target = target;
+    bufferViews.push(view);
+    return bufferViews.length - 1;
+  }
+
+  function floatBytes(values) {
+    const buffer = Buffer.alloc(values.length * 4);
+    values.forEach((value, index) => buffer.writeFloatLE(value, index * 4));
+    return Array.from(buffer);
+  }
+
+  function ushortBytes(values) {
+    const buffer = Buffer.alloc(values.length * 2);
+    values.forEach((value, index) => buffer.writeUInt16LE(value, index * 2));
+    return Array.from(buffer);
+  }
+
+  function addAccessor(bufferView, componentType, count, type, min, max) {
+    const accessor = { bufferView, componentType, count, type };
+    if (min) accessor.min = min;
+    if (max) accessor.max = max;
+    accessors.push(accessor);
+    return accessors.length - 1;
+  }
+
+  function addMesh(name, geometry, material) {
+    const positionView = addBufferView(floatBytes(geometry.positions), 34962);
+    const indexView = addBufferView(ushortBytes(geometry.indices), 34963);
+    const positionAccessor = addAccessor(
+      positionView,
+      5126,
+      geometry.positions.length / 3,
+      "VEC3",
+      geometry.min,
+      geometry.max,
+    );
+    const indexAccessor = addAccessor(indexView, 5123, geometry.indices.length, "SCALAR");
+    meshes.push({
+      name,
+      primitives: [{
+        attributes: { POSITION: positionAccessor },
+        indices: indexAccessor,
+        material,
+      }],
+    });
+    nodes.push({ name, mesh: meshes.length - 1 });
+  }
+
+  addMesh("body", cuboid(0, 0, 0.72, 4.6, 1.9, 0.9), 0);
+  addMesh("hood", cuboid(1.35, 0, 1.1, 1.25, 1.74, 0.38), 0);
+  addMesh("cabin", cuboid(-0.55, 0, 1.42, 1.75, 1.55, 0.82), 1);
+  addMesh("rear", cuboid(-1.65, 0, 1.08, 0.95, 1.78, 0.42), 0);
+  addMesh("front_windshield", cuboid(0.28, 0, 1.58, 0.12, 1.42, 0.58), 2);
+  addMesh("left_window", cuboid(-0.55, -0.82, 1.52, 1.25, 0.08, 0.48), 2);
+  addMesh("right_window", cuboid(-0.55, 0.82, 1.52, 1.25, 0.08, 0.48), 2);
+  for (const x of [-1.55, 1.45]) {
+    for (const y of [-1.02, 1.02]) {
+      addMesh(`wheel_${x}_${y}`, cylinderY(x, y, 0.46, 0.38, 0.32, 16), 3);
+      addMesh(`hub_${x}_${y}`, cylinderY(x, y, 0.46, 0.2, 0.34, 12), 4);
+    }
+  }
+  addMesh("left_headlight", cuboid(2.36, -0.48, 0.9, 0.08, 0.32, 0.16), 5);
+  addMesh("right_headlight", cuboid(2.36, 0.48, 0.9, 0.08, 0.32, 0.16), 5);
+  addMesh("left_tail", cuboid(-2.36, -0.55, 0.9, 0.08, 0.28, 0.16), 6);
+  addMesh("right_tail", cuboid(-2.36, 0.55, 0.9, 0.08, 0.28, 0.16), 6);
+
+  const buffer = Buffer.from(bufferParts);
+  return {
+    asset: { version: "2.0", generator: "osm-asset-pipeline vehicle preview" },
+    scene: 0,
+    scenes: [{ nodes: nodes.map((_, index) => index) }],
+    nodes,
+    meshes,
+    buffers: [{
+      byteLength: buffer.length,
+      uri: `data:application/octet-stream;base64,${buffer.toString("base64")}`,
+    }],
+    bufferViews,
+    accessors,
+    materials: [
+      material("paint red", [0.82, 0.05, 0.035, 1], 0.55, 0.25),
+      material("dark roof", [0.08, 0.08, 0.085, 1], 0.45, 0.35),
+      material("glass", [0.04, 0.12, 0.16, 0.82], 0.18, 0.08),
+      material("tire", [0.015, 0.014, 0.013, 1], 0.75, 0.65),
+      material("wheel hub", [0.72, 0.72, 0.68, 1], 0.35, 0.85),
+      material("headlight", [1.0, 0.92, 0.62, 1], 0.12, 0.0),
+      material("tail light", [0.95, 0.03, 0.03, 1], 0.25, 0.0),
+    ],
+  };
+}
+
+function material(name, color, roughness, metallic) {
+  return {
+    name,
+    pbrMetallicRoughness: {
+      baseColorFactor: color,
+      roughnessFactor: roughness,
+      metallicFactor: metallic,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function cuboid(cx, cy, cz, sx, sy, sz) {
+  const x0 = cx - sx / 2;
+  const x1 = cx + sx / 2;
+  const y0 = cy - sy / 2;
+  const y1 = cy + sy / 2;
+  const z0 = cz - sz / 2;
+  const z1 = cz + sz / 2;
+  const positions = [
+    x0, y0, z0, x1, y0, z0, x1, y1, z0, x0, y1, z0,
+    x0, y0, z1, x1, y0, z1, x1, y1, z1, x0, y1, z1,
+  ];
+  const indices = [
+    0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 5, 4, 7, 6,
+    0, 4, 5, 0, 5, 1, 1, 5, 6, 1, 6, 2,
+    2, 6, 7, 2, 7, 3, 3, 7, 4, 3, 4, 0,
+  ];
+  return { positions, indices, min: [x0, y0, z0], max: [x1, y1, z1] };
+}
+
+function cylinderY(cx, cy, cz, radius, width, segments) {
+  const positions = [];
+  const indices = [];
+  const y0 = cy - width / 2;
+  const y1 = cy + width / 2;
+  for (const y of [y0, y1]) {
+    positions.push(cx, y, cz);
+    for (let i = 0; i < segments; i += 1) {
+      const angle = 2 * Math.PI * i / segments;
+      positions.push(cx + Math.cos(angle) * radius, y, cz + Math.sin(angle) * radius);
+    }
+  }
+  const center0 = 0;
+  const center1 = segments + 1;
+  for (let i = 0; i < segments; i += 1) {
+    const a0 = center0 + 1 + i;
+    const b0 = center0 + 1 + ((i + 1) % segments);
+    const a1 = center1 + 1 + i;
+    const b1 = center1 + 1 + ((i + 1) % segments);
+    indices.push(center0, b0, a0);
+    indices.push(center1, a1, b1);
+    indices.push(a0, b0, b1, a0, b1, a1);
+  }
+  return {
+    positions,
+    indices,
+    min: [cx - radius, y0, cz - radius],
+    max: [cx + radius, y1, cz + radius],
+  };
+}
+
+function cesiumPreviewHtml(glbName, metadataName, routeName, vehicleModelName, areaId) {
   return `<!doctype html>
 <html lang="zh-CN">
 <head>
@@ -605,11 +783,11 @@ function cesiumPreviewHtml(glbName, metadataName, routeName, areaId) {
         ]),
         position: positions,
         orientation: new Cesium.VelocityOrientationProperty(positions),
-        box: {
-          dimensions: new Cesium.Cartesian3(4.6, 1.9, 1.5),
-          material: Cesium.Color.ORANGERED,
-          outline: true,
-          outlineColor: Cesium.Color.WHITE
+        model: {
+          uri: "${escapeJs(vehicleModelName)}",
+          scale: 1.0,
+          minimumPixelSize: 24,
+          maximumScale: 80
         },
         path: {
           resolution: 1,