feat: add OSM turn lane arrows

2026-08-05 10:17:34 +08:00
parent 9970e3eeef
commit 9a23f74f0f
34 changed files with 1540 additions and 33 deletions
--- a/.trellis/spec/config/index.md
+++ b/.trellis/spec/config/index.md
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ cp config/examples/template.json config/areas/my-area.json
 | `blenderApp` | | `/Applications/Blender.app` | |
 | `stages` | | 见下 | 各阶段默认开关 |
 | `qgis` | | 见下 | QGIS/osm2streets 旋钮 |
+| `turnLaneArrows` | | 见下 | 从 OSM `turn:lanes:*` 生成自定义车道箭头的发布开关 |
 | `osm2streets` | | 见下 | 透传给 osm2streets 的选项 |
 | `blender` | | 见下 | Blender 侧选项 |
 | `compress` | | 见下 | 显式 `compress` 阶段的 GLB 压缩选项 |
@@ -97,6 +98,15 @@ cp config/examples/template.json config/areas/my-area.json
 > 这四个 arrow/corner 旋钮的默认值都是调出来的，**改之前先看 README 里记的理由**。
 > 尤其 `arrowOutlineSimplifyMeters`——调大会开始削箭头头部。

+### `turnLaneArrows`
+
+| 字段 | 默认 | 说明 |
+|---|---|---|
+| `enabled` | `false` | 仅在样张经用户确认后启用。启用时从 `turn:lanes:forward` / `turn:lanes:backward` 追加经过测试的自定义箭头；未测试素材永不参与映射。 |
+
+该开关经 `normalizeAreaConfig()` 和 `writeDerivedConfig()` 传入 intermediates 阶段。必须用
+`??` 保留 `false`；不要将它改为按隐式标签或环境变量自动启用。
+
 ### `osm2streets`

 原样透传给 `JsStreetNetwork` 构造函数（`build-osm2streets-qgis.js:77`）。默认：
--- a/.trellis/spec/guides/cross-layer-thinking-guide.md
+++ b/.trellis/spec/guides/cross-layer-thinking-guide.md
@@ -83,6 +83,18 @@ cesium-preview.js            浏览器

 ## 本项目真实踩过的坑

+### 坑 0：用原始 OSM 节点度数代替归一化路网拓扑
+
+OSM way 的端点不一定在原始 XML 中有三个以上相连 way；osm2streets 可能把相邻 way
+合并、切分或通过 `network.intersections[*].osm_ids` 表达路口。任何需要判断道路是否
+进入路口的中间层逻辑，都必须优先使用已经生成的 normalized `network.json` 事实源，
+原始节点度数只能作为没有 normalized network 的纯单元测试回退。
+
+### 坑 0.1：普通 JSON 误走 FeatureCollection 写入器
+
+`writeJson()` 的隐式契约是传入带 `features` 数组的图层集合；诊断 manifest、计数摘要等
+普通对象必须用显式 `JSON.stringify` 写入，不能为了复用日志代码把它们塞进图层写入器。
+
 ### 坑 1：同一份事实存了四份

 九个图层的顺序曾同时存在于 z_index 表、样式 JSON、QGIS 工程、README。
--- a/.trellis/spec/pipeline/cli-and-stages.md
+++ b/.trellis/spec/pipeline/cli-and-stages.md
@@ -189,6 +189,158 @@ const osm = parseOsm(fs.readFileSync(area.input, "utf8"));
 const preflight = analyzeOsmPreflight(osm);
 ```

+## OSM 转向车道箭头
+
+### 1. 范围与触发条件
+
+区域配置设为 `turnLaneArrows.enabled: true` 时，`intermediates` 阶段会将已支持的
+OSM `turn:lanes:forward` / `turn:lanes:backward` 标线追加到既有的
+`lane_arrows_webscale` 图层。这只是既有图层的新增数据来源，不能新增 QGIS、Blender
+或 Cesium 图层。
+
+### 2. 调用形式
+
+```json
+{
+  "turnLaneArrows": { "enabled": true }
+}
+```
+
+该字段由 `normalizeAreaConfig()` 归一化、`writeDerivedConfig()` 写入派生配置，
+并由 `build-osm2streets-qgis.js` 消费。
+
+### 3. 契约
+
+- 已支持且已测试的转向为：`through`、`left`、`right`、`through;left`、
+  `through;right`、`through;left;right`。
+- `assets/lane-icons/manifest.json` 是上游 CC0 来源、原始 SVG、镜像规则、箭杆轴线、
+  支持状态和测试状态的唯一事实源。未同时标记为 `supported` 和 `tested` 的素材不得写入
+  生产 GeoJSON。
+- 自定义要素必须带有 `source="osm_turn_lanes"`、`osm_way_id`、`direction`、
+  `lane_index`、`maneuver`、`source_asset`、`arrow_part` 与确定性的
+  `custom_arrow_id`。
+- `turn_lane_arrow_diagnostics.json` 记录 `generated` 和结构化跳过原因；它是普通 JSON，
+  不是 FeatureCollection。
+- 归一化后的 `network.intersections[*].osm_ids` 用来判断有效路口端点。只有单元测试中
+  没有 network 时，才可退回原始 OSM 节点度数。
+- 可直接关联时，`Driving` 面通过 `osm_way_ids` 匹配，中心线取其相对两边的中点；闭合
+  四边形车道面也必须有效。JOSM 拆分产生的临时 ID 未被渲染面保留时，只能匹配距离近且
+  行驶方向一致的车道中心线，并按实际横向位置排序，不得单独依赖渲染器的 `index`。
+
+### 4. 校验与错误矩阵
+
+| 条件 | 结果 |
+|---|---|
+| 功能关闭 | 不生成自定义要素；诊断原因为 `disabled` |
+| 缺少车道数或无法判定路口端点 | 带原因跳过，不能猜测位置 |
+| 转向未支持或未测试 | 以 `unsupported_or_untested_maneuver` 跳过 |
+| SVG 缺少受支持路径命令或 manifest 锚点 | 写入 GeoJSON 前抛错 |
+| 合法且已支持的 OSM 车道 | 每个 SVG 填充或扩展描边部件追加一个 Polygon |
+
+### 5. 正常、基础与错误示例
+
+- 正常：`through;right` 生成多个合法 Polygon 部件，但共享同一 OSM 溯源元组，直行杆
+  轴线与车道中心对齐。
+- 基础：`enabled: false` 保持 osm2streets 原有箭头输出不变。
+- 错误：将组合箭头写为一个 `MultiPolygon`。既有 QGIS 归一化器只接受逐个 Polygon。
+
+### 6. 必需测试
+
+- `npm run test:turn-lane-arrows`：覆盖转向归一化、正反向放置、确定性 ID、箭杆锚点、
+  关闭行为及未测试素材排除。
+- 目标区域 `intermediates` 构建：确认 `lane_arrows_webscale.geojson` 含自定义 `source`
+  要素，且诊断可读。
+- 用户确认样张后，运行完整目标区域构建和
+  `npm run check:area -- --config <area>`。
+
+### 7. 错误与正确写法
+
+错误：
+
+```js
+if ((roadCounts.get(endpoint.id) || 0) < 3) return null;
+writeJson(diagnosticsPath, diagnostics);
+```
+
+正确：
+
+```js
+const networkSaysIntersection = networkIntersectionNodes.has(endpoint.id);
+if (!networkSaysIntersection && (roadCounts.get(endpoint.id) || 0) < 3) return null;
+fs.writeFileSync(diagnosticsPath, `${JSON.stringify(diagnostics, null, 2)}\n`);
+```
+
+## 斑马线与停止线来源
+
+### 1. 范围与触发条件
+
+`intermediates` 阶段从带标记的 OSM `highway=crossing` 节点生成路口标线，并独占
+`crosswalks` 与 `vehicle_stop_lines` 两个场景图层的数据来源。
+
+### 2. 调用形式
+
+```js
+const crosswalkData = buildCrosswalks(osm, lanePolygons.features);
+// split.vehicleStopLines === crosswalkData.stopLines
+// split.crosswalks === crosswalkData.stripes
+```
+
+### 3. 契约
+
+- `buildCrosswalks()` 是输出 `vehicle_stop_lines` 的唯一生产者。不得将 osm2streets
+  `lane_markings` 中类型为 `vehicle stop line` 的要素追加回来，否则会产生位置不同的
+  重复标线。
+- 每个输出的过街进口固定生成 6 条 `crosswalk stripe`，以及恰好 1 条带有
+  `source="crosswalk"` 和 `crossing_node_id` 的 `vehicle stop line`。
+- 斑马线参考点先沿进口方向放在过街节点簇中心外 7 米处；再以相邻归一化 `Driving` 面
+  修正横向中心和方向：取局部车道中心锚点的平均值，并使用方向一致的车道切线。只有没有
+  匹配的渲染车道时，才回退到原始 OSM way 几何。
+- 停止线从同一校正后的斑马线坐标系，以外侧固定 1.2 米偏移推导。osm2streets 的道路
+  横断面与原始 OSM 几何不同，斑马线与停止线也必须同步移动。
+
+### 4. 校验与错误矩阵
+
+| 条件 | 结果 |
+|---|---|
+| 有匹配渲染车道的标记过街 | 中心与方向跟随实际渲染道路横断面 |
+| 没有匹配渲染车道的标记过街 | 安全回退到原始 OSM 方向向量 |
+| 多个源节点投影到同一进口中心 | 写入斑马线和停止线前去重 |
+| 存在 osm2streets 原生停止线 | 忽略，不写入输出图层 |
+
+### 5. 正常、基础与错误示例
+
+- 正常：两个四向路口产生 48 条斑马线条带和 8 条停止线，全部为
+  `source="crosswalk"`。
+- 基础：归一化 `Driving` 面之外的过街仍可按原始 way 方向渲染。
+- 错误：因为原生 `vehicle stop line` 与人工线相距数米就保留它；这会重新引入第二个
+  生产者和视觉重复。
+
+### 6. 必需测试
+
+- 运行目标区域 `intermediates` 构建。
+- 断言 `vehicle_stop_lines.geojson` 每个要素的 `crossing_node_id` 均不重复，且所有要素
+  都有 `source="crosswalk"`。
+- 检查四向路口的 QGIS 预览：条带必须横向居中于渲染道路宽度，每条停止线必须位于其
+  对应斑马线之后。
+
+### 7. 错误与正确写法
+
+错误：
+
+```js
+if (feature.properties.type === "vehicle stop line") {
+  out.vehicleStopLines.features.push(feature);
+}
+```
+
+正确：
+
+```js
+const crosswalkData = buildCrosswalks(osm, lanePolygons.features);
+out.vehicleStopLines = crosswalkData.stopLines;
+// 原生 lane_markings 停止线不得复制到输出。
+```
+
 ## 区域诊断命令

 ### 1. Scope / Trigger
--- a/.trellis/tasks/08-04-add-osm-turn-lane-arrows/check.jsonl
+++ b/.trellis/tasks/08-04-add-osm-turn-lane-arrows/check.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{"file":".trellis/spec/pipeline/index.md","reason":"Defines the expected intermediates artifacts and dependency boundaries."}
+{"file":".trellis/spec/pipeline/layer-registry.md","reason":"Requires preserving existing lane-arrow layer collection and order across QGIS and Blender."}
+{"file":".trellis/spec/pipeline/cli-and-stages.md","reason":"Defines quality-gate and target-area validation expectations."}
+{"file":".trellis/tasks/08-04-add-osm-turn-lane-arrows/research/lane-icons.md","reason":"Defines the source provenance and assertion that untested assets cannot be mapped."}
--- a/.trellis/tasks/08-04-add-osm-turn-lane-arrows/design.md
+++ b/.trellis/tasks/08-04-add-osm-turn-lane-arrows/design.md
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# Design: OSM turn-lane arrows
+
+## Boundaries
+
+- `scripts/build-osm2streets-qgis.js` remains the intermediates owner. It will
+  append generated custom features to the existing in-memory `laneArrows`
+  collection before it is written as `lane_arrows_webscale.geojson`.
+- No render layer, QGIS symbol, Blender material, or Cesium export contract
+  changes. Existing `lane_arrows_webscale` styling and catalog ownership apply
+  to generated features automatically.
+- Vendored upstream artwork lives under a dedicated repository-local asset
+  directory with its CC0 license and a machine-readable manifest. The manifest
+  is the source of truth for upstream path, source revision, local path,
+  support status, and test status.
+
+## Asset Contract
+
+- Import every arrow SVG from `openstreetmap/lane-icons/docs/` that represents
+  an arrow. Preserve the source bytes and retain `LICENSE.md` with the assets.
+- Mark only `through`, `left`, `right`, `through;left`, and `through;right` as
+  `supported` and `tested` in the manifest. All remaining imported arrows are
+  `unsupported` and `untested`; no production parser may select them.
+- The upstream repository has left-side examples only. Derive `right` and
+  `through;right` through a deterministic horizontal mirror of the matching
+  left-side geometry, recording `derived_from` in the manifest.
+
+## Data Flow
+
+1. Parse OSM ways once using the existing OSM parser.
+2. Read `turn:lanes:forward` / `turn:lanes:backward`, split lane declarations
+   by `|`, and map only the five supported normalized maneuvers to manifest
+   entries.
+3. For each valid lane near a determinable intersection endpoint, calculate a
+   stable lane center and road-local axis; transform the selected local arrow
+   polygon into WGS84 coordinates.
+4. Add a GeoJSON feature with existing render-layer behavior and explicit
+   provenance: custom source, OSM way id, direction, lane index, maneuver,
+   source asset, and deterministic feature id/order.
+5. Record a structured skipped item when tags, lane geometry, or endpoint
+   classification are insufficient. Do not invent a fallback location.
+6. Existing normalization, scene merge, GeoPackage import, Blender assembly,
+   and Cesium export consume the expanded collection unchanged.
+
+## Geometry and Compatibility
+
+- Parse only the vendored SVG subset used by supported assets at build time:
+  `line` elements and `path` commands are converted into local meter-scale
+  polygons, with cubic curves sampled and SVG strokes expanded into outlines.
+  The source SVG is the sole geometry authority; no hand-drawn replacement
+  template is permitted. This stays dependency-free because the supported
+  upstream syntax is intentionally small and covered by Node tests.
+- Use the upstream Standard Arrow shape as the geometry basis, but let the
+  existing QGIS fill and outline preserve the project's visual language.
+- Preserve the existing osm2streets-generated arrow features. Custom features
+  are additive and have provenance that distinguishes them from upstream
+  osm2streets output.
+- Deterministic ordering is by way id, travel direction, and lane index.
+- Each asset manifest entry defines the source SVG's shaft-axis `anchor_x`.
+  Placement aligns that axis, rather than the SVG viewBox center, with the
+  lane centerline. Mirrored right-side variants mirror around the same axis.
+- Upstream SVG units are converted at `0.10 m` per unit. This calibrates their
+  local extent against the existing approximately 1.4 m osm2streets arrows;
+  do not use SVG display-pixel scale as road-marking scale.
+
+## Risks and Rollback
+
+- OSM lane counts, one-way semantics, or endpoint topology can be incomplete.
+  These cases remain skipped with diagnostics rather than creating misleading
+  markings.
+- Asset import is self-contained and CC0. Rollback removes the custom feature
+  generation and local asset directory; the existing arrow layer remains
+  unchanged.
+- User approval of the two initial visual samples is required before the
+  feature is enabled in production output.
--- a/.trellis/tasks/08-04-add-osm-turn-lane-arrows/implement.jsonl
+++ b/.trellis/tasks/08-04-add-osm-turn-lane-arrows/implement.jsonl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{"file":".trellis/spec/pipeline/index.md","reason":"Defines the intermediates data flow, CommonJS conventions, and existing layer ownership."}
+{"file":".trellis/spec/pipeline/layer-registry.md","reason":"The feature adds a source to an existing layer and must preserve the cross-language layer contract."}
+{"file":".trellis/spec/pipeline/cli-and-stages.md","reason":"Defines stage ownership and target-area validation commands."}
+{"file":".trellis/tasks/08-04-add-osm-turn-lane-arrows/research/lane-icons.md","reason":"Records the selected upstream SVG source, CC0 provenance, and supported-versus-untested asset policy."}
--- a/.trellis/tasks/08-04-add-osm-turn-lane-arrows/implement.md
+++ b/.trellis/tasks/08-04-add-osm-turn-lane-arrows/implement.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Implementation Plan: OSM turn-lane arrows
+
+## Steps
+
+1. Add the complete lane-icons arrow asset set, upstream revision metadata,
+   CC0 license text, and a manifest with the five supported/tested entries and
+   explicit untested status for all other entries.
+2. Add a small CommonJS helper for asset-manifest loading, source-SVG path and
+   stroke conversion, maneuver parsing, road-local placement, and diagnostic
+   skip records. Keep it dependency-free and separately testable.
+3. Wire the helper into the intermediates build so custom features are merged
+   into `laneArrows` before the existing GeoJSON write and normalization path.
+4. Add Node tests for the five supported maneuvers, forward/backward endpoint
+   choice, lane index placement, deterministic order/id, and every required
+   skip reason. Assert that untested manifest entries cannot be selected.
+5. Generate `right` and `through;right` inspection samples from the exact
+   local templates and request user confirmation. Do not enable custom output
+   until this gate is met.
+6. Run the focused tests, syntax checks, the Nantaizi intermediates build, the
+   full Nantaizi chain, and `check:area`. Compare against a turn-tag-removed
+   control to prove an observable GeoJSON difference.
+
+## Validation
+
+- `node --check` for changed CommonJS scripts.
+- New pure Node test script(s), invoked directly or through a package script.
+- `npm run build:area -- --config config/areas/nantaizi-lake-innovation-valley.json --stages intermediates`
+- Full target-area pipeline after visual approval.
+- `npm run check:area -- --config config/areas/nantaizi-lake-innovation-valley.json`
+
+## Review Gates
+
+- No generated custom feature may use an asset whose manifest status is not
+  both supported and tested.
+- Samples must show the same fill/outline treatment as the existing lane-arrow
+  layer.
+- Keep the existing layer registry unchanged; this is a new source for an
+  existing layer, not a new layer.
+- Do not commit without the user's explicit confirmation.
--- a/.trellis/tasks/08-04-add-osm-turn-lane-arrows/prd.md
+++ b/.trellis/tasks/08-04-add-osm-turn-lane-arrows/prd.md
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# Add OSM turn lane arrows
+
+## Goal
+
+让 OSM `turn:lanes:forward` / `turn:lanes:backward` 在现有 QGIS -> Blender -> Cesium
+道路链中生成可辨识的 lane arrow，同时保持与 osm2streets 既有道路标线相同的视觉语言。
+
+## Confirmed Facts
+
+- 当前 `osm2streets-js-node@0.1.4` 生成 lane arrow，但纯内存移除 way `98607123`、
+  `98607128`、`98607147` 的 `turn:lanes:*` 后，593 个原始箭头的 JSON 内容逐字一致；
+  因此该依赖不消费这些 OSM 标签。
+- 当前南台子完整链已经通过：中间层落盘 580 个归一化箭头，Blender 装配 397 个，
+  Cesium / preview / compress manifest 均 fresh，`check:area` PASS。
+- 现有 `lane_arrows_webscale` 已是 QGIS、Blender、Cesium 共用图层，样式为浅色填充
+  `#fffff6`、深色描边 `#2b2b28`，正常外轮廓为七顶点箭头。
+- `turn:lanes:forward=right`、`turn:lanes:backward=through;right` 等标准标签已存在于
+  南台子 OSM。
+- `openstreetmap/lane-icons` 是 OSM 官方组织发布的 CC0 SVG 图标集；其 `DESIGN.md`
+  以 MUTCD Standard Arrow 为基准，并规定组合转向共享箭杆、箭头数量增加时缩小箭头。
+  仓库只提供左侧转向示例，右转及 `through;right` 需在几何层对其镜像，不能直接作为
+  当前 GeoJSON polygon 图层输入。
+- 用户已决定将该库中首版需要的转向图标作为本仓库维护的源素材，而不是只作为视觉参考。
+
+## Requirements
+
+1. 在写入 `lane_arrows_webscale.geojson` 前，从 OSM 标准 `turn:lanes:*` 生成自定义箭头
+   polygon，并沿用既有图层、材质、QGIS/Blender/Cesium 路径。
+2. 支持首版实际需要的 `through`、`left`、`right`、`through;left`、`through;right`；
+   同一 OSM 输入必须产生确定性结果。
+3. 自定义箭头必须使用现有道路标线的视觉语言，不新建一套颜色、描边或图标风格。
+4. 在 OSM way 进入路口的一端、按 forward/backward 和 lane index 放置；车道配置不完整或
+   端点不是可判定路口时给出可诊断的跳过原因。
+5. 首先完成并获得用户对 `right` 和 `through;right` 轮廓样张的确认，之后才能将其接入
+   GeoJSON / Blender 导出。
+6. 未经用户确认，不提交 Git。
+7. 将 `openstreetmap/lane-icons` 的全部箭头 SVG 和 CC0 许可证说明纳入本仓库维护；
+   右转变体由左转源图镜像生成。生成的 polygon 仍由本仓库维护，并继续使用
+   `lane_arrows_webscale` 的既有填充与描边样式。
+8. 素材清单必须逐项标记验证状态：仅 `through`、`left`、`right`、`through;left`、
+   `through;right` 在首版具备 OSM 映射与自动化测试；其他已收录箭头明确标为未测试，
+   且不得自动参与生产 GeoJSON 输出。
+
+## Acceptance Criteria
+
+- [ ] 用户确认箭头样张的轮廓与视觉语言。
+- [ ] 目标 OSM 标签导致 lane-arrow GeoJSON 与移除这些标签的对照产生可观察差异。
+- [ ] 自定义 arrow properties 标识来源和 OSM way / direction / lane，便于诊断。
+- [ ] 纯 Node 测试覆盖标签解析、forward/backward、lane placement、组合转向和幂等排序。
+- [ ] 本地素材清单包含所有上游箭头，逐项标记 CC0 来源、支持状态和测试状态；未测试条目
+  不会参与生产映射。
+- [ ] 仅南台子完整链和质量门验证通过。
+- [ ] 无 Git 提交，直到用户明确确认。
+
+## Out Of Scope
+
+- 修改 osm2streets 依赖、道路改为 Cesium 直渲染、增加新的道路渲染图层。
+- 支持首版范围之外的 OSM maneuver 词汇、匝道标线、文字或自行车专用箭头。
+
+## Delivery Gate
+
+在自定义箭头接入生产 GeoJSON / Blender 导出前，用户必须确认 `right` 与
+`through;right` 样张的轮廓和视觉语言。
--- a/.trellis/tasks/08-04-add-osm-turn-lane-arrows/research/lane-icons.md
+++ b/.trellis/tasks/08-04-add-osm-turn-lane-arrows/research/lane-icons.md
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# lane-icons research
+
+Source: <https://github.com/openstreetmap/lane-icons>, inspected 2026-08-04.
+
+## Provenance
+
+- Owner: `openstreetmap` GitHub organization.
+- Repository tree revision: `db3cab321da93a757c2cf3cdb4f1f1db6b1a091c` (`master`).
+- License: `LICENSE.md` is CC0 1.0 Universal. Keep that text adjacent to any
+  vendored source assets.
+
+## Relevant Contents
+
+- `docs/through.svg`
+- `docs/left.svg`
+- `docs/left-through.svg`
+- `docs/slight_left.svg`
+- `docs/slight_left-through.svg`
+- `docs/sharp_left.svg`
+- `docs/sharp_left-through.svg`
+- `docs/reverse_left.svg`
+- `docs/reverse_left-through.svg`
+- `docs/reverse_left-left-slight_left-through.svg`
+- `docs/left-slight_left-through.svg`
+
+## Design Rules
+
+`DESIGN.md` bases arrows on the MUTCD Standard Arrow. It specifies a shared
+shaft for compound arrows, smooth curves, aligned arrow bottoms, and reduced
+arrowhead scale as the number of directions grows. The upstream SVGs are
+single-color and stroke-free; our existing render layer supplies the project
+fill and outline treatment.
+
+## Adoption Decision
+
+Vendor all listed arrow SVGs with provenance and CC0 license text. The
+production mapping is initially restricted to `through`, `left`, `right`,
+`through;left`, and `through;right`. Right-side variants are deterministic
+mirrors of upstream left-side assets. Every other vendored arrow remains
+explicitly untested and unavailable to the production mapper.
--- a/.trellis/tasks/08-04-add-osm-turn-lane-arrows/task.json
+++ b/.trellis/tasks/08-04-add-osm-turn-lane-arrows/task.json
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+{
+  "id": "add-osm-turn-lane-arrows",
+  "name": "add-osm-turn-lane-arrows",
+  "title": "Add OSM turn lane arrows",
+  "description": "",
+  "status": "in_progress",
+  "dev_type": null,
+  "scope": null,
+  "package": null,
+  "priority": "P2",
+  "creator": "dingkang",
+  "assignee": "dingkang",
+  "createdAt": "2026-08-04",
+  "completedAt": null,
+  "branch": null,
+  "base_branch": "main",
+  "worktree_path": null,
+  "commit": null,
+  "pr_url": null,
+  "subtasks": [],
+  "children": [],
+  "parent": null,
+  "relatedFiles": [],
+  "notes": "",
+  "meta": {}
+}
--- a/assets/lane-icons/manifest.json
+++ b/assets/lane-icons/manifest.json
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+{
+  "upstream": {
+    "repository": "https://github.com/openstreetmap/lane-icons",
+    "revision": "db3cab321da93a757c2cf3cdb4f1f1db6b1a091c",
+    "license": "CC0-1.0",
+    "license_file": "upstream/LICENSE.md"
+  },
+  "assets": [
+    {"id":"through","source":"upstream/through.svg","anchor_x":12.5,"supported":true,"tested":true,"template":"through"},
+    {"id":"left","source":"upstream/left.svg","anchor_x":17,"supported":true,"tested":true,"template":"left"},
+    {"id":"right","source":"upstream/left.svg","derived_from":"left","mirror_x":true,"anchor_x":17,"supported":true,"tested":true,"template":"right"},
+    {"id":"through;left","source":"upstream/left-through.svg","anchor_x":17,"supported":true,"tested":true,"template":"through_left"},
+    {"id":"through;right","source":"upstream/left-through.svg","derived_from":"through;left","mirror_x":true,"anchor_x":17,"supported":true,"tested":true,"template":"through_right"},
+    {"id":"through;left;right","source":"upstream/left-slight_left-through.svg","derived_from":"through;left + through;right","anchor_x":17,"supported":true,"tested":true,"template":"through_left_right"},
+    {"id":"slight_left","source":"upstream/slight_left.svg","supported":false,"tested":false},
+    {"id":"slight_left;through","source":"upstream/slight_left-through.svg","supported":false,"tested":false},
+    {"id":"left;slight_left;through","source":"upstream/left-slight_left-through.svg","supported":false,"tested":false},
+    {"id":"sharp_left","source":"upstream/sharp_left.svg","supported":false,"tested":false},
+    {"id":"sharp_left;through","source":"upstream/sharp_left-through.svg","supported":false,"tested":false},
+    {"id":"reverse_left","source":"upstream/reverse_left.svg","supported":false,"tested":false},
+    {"id":"reverse_left;through","source":"upstream/reverse_left-through.svg","supported":false,"tested":false},
+    {"id":"reverse_left;left;slight_left;through","source":"upstream/reverse_left-left-slight_left-through.svg","supported":false,"tested":false}
+  ]
+}
--- a/assets/lane-icons/upstream/DESIGN.md
+++ b/assets/lane-icons/upstream/DESIGN.md
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+## Design Guidelines
+
+The icons in this project follow closely the design guidelines established in the
+[MUTCD Standard Highway Signs guide](http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/ser-shs_millennium.htm),
+2009 edition published by the US Federal Highway Administration.
+
+The MUTCD is [in the public domain](http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/knowledge/faqs/faq_general.htm#printq5)
+and as such it is not copyrighted.
+
+Each icon should be
+
+* 25px x 25px
+* SVG
+* Single color fill
+* Path outline only, no stroke
+* Pixel grid aligned (where possible)
+
+### Arrows
+
+Arrows use the "Standard Arrow" described in MUTCD Standard Highway Signs
+[Appendix](http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/ser-shs_millennium.htm).
+
+An upward facing Standard Arrow is included in this icon pack, and forms the basis of all turn
+lane arrows.
+
+<img alt='Standard Arrow' width='300px' src='docs/standard_arrow.png'/>
+
+
+Arrowhead rotation angles are chosen based on the turn lane indication:
+
+<table>
+<tr>
+    <th>Through</th>
+    <th>Slight Left</th>
+    <th>Left</th>
+    <th>Sharp Left</th>
+    <th>Reverse Left</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+    <td>no rotation<br/>
+        <img alt='Through' width='100px' src='https://cdn.rawgit.com/openstreetmap/lane-icons/master/docs/through.svg'/>
+    </td>
+    <td>45 degrees<br/>
+        <img alt='Slight Left' width='100px' src='https://cdn.rawgit.com/openstreetmap/lane-icons/master/docs/slight_left.svg'/>
+    </td>
+    <td>70 or 90 degrees<br/>
+        <img alt='Left' width='100px' src='https://cdn.rawgit.com/openstreetmap/lane-icons/master/docs/left.svg'/>
+    </td>
+    <td>135 degrees<br/>
+        <img alt='Sharp Left' width='100px' src='https://cdn.rawgit.com/openstreetmap/lane-icons/master/docs/sharp_left.svg'/>
+    </td>
+    <td>180 degrees<br/>
+        <img alt='Reverse Left' width='100px' src='https://cdn.rawgit.com/openstreetmap/lane-icons/master/docs/reverse_left.svg'/>
+    </td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+As the number of arrows increases, the arrows scale down:
+
+<table>
+<tr>
+    <th>1 Arrow</th>
+    <th>2 Arrows</th>
+    <th>3 Arrows</th>
+    <th>4 Arrows</th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+    <td>
+        <ul><li>3px stroke</li><li>standard arrowhead</li></ul>
+        <img alt='Through' width='100px' src='https://cdn.rawgit.com/openstreetmap/lane-icons/master/docs/through.svg'/>
+    </td>
+    <td>
+        <ul><li>2.5px stroke</li><li>83% scaled arrowhead</li></ul>
+        <img alt='Left, Through' width='100px' src='https://cdn.rawgit.com/openstreetmap/lane-icons/master/docs/left-through.svg'/>
+    </td>
+    <td>
+        <ul><li>2.25px stroke</li><li>75% scaled arrowhead</li></ul>
+        <img alt='Left, Slight Left, Through' width='100px' src='https://cdn.rawgit.com/openstreetmap/lane-icons/master/docs/left-slight_left-through.svg'/>
+    </td>
+    <td>
+        <ul><li>2px stroke</li><li>66% scaled arrowhead</li></ul>
+        <img alt='Reverse Left, Left, Slight Left, Through' width='100px' src='https://cdn.rawgit.com/openstreetmap/lane-icons/master/docs/reverse_left-left-slight_left-through.svg'/>
+    </td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+Other important rules for arrows:
+* Bottom aligned with each other, 2px from icon bottom edge
+* Left-right centered
+* Smooth curves, no kinks
+* Arrow shaft path connects to the arrowhead anchor point
+
+
+### Other Icons
+
+Other non-arrow icons (bus, hov, pedestrian, tram, etc) also imitiate the icons found
+in the MUTCD Standard Highway Signs [Appendix](http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/ser-shs_millennium.htm).
--- a/assets/lane-icons/upstream/LICENSE.md
+++ b/assets/lane-icons/upstream/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+[![CC0-1.0](http://mirrors.creativecommons.org/presskit/buttons/88x31/svg/cc-zero.svg)](http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)
+
+### CC0 1.0 Universal
+
+#### Statement of Purpose
+
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+**4. Limitations and Disclaimers.**
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+
+For more information, please see
+<http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>
--- a/assets/lane-icons/upstream/left-slight_left-through.svg
+++ b/assets/lane-icons/upstream/left-slight_left-through.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg id="left-slight_left-through" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><title>icons</title><line x1="18.1" y1="5.17" x2="18.11" y2="23" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.25"/><path d="M18.11,19.69c0-3.65-5.82-6.62-9.2-6.62" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.25"/><path d="M11.89,7.16S18.11,12.74,18.11,19" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.25"/><path d="M18.16,1.09a0.07,0.07,0,0,0-.12,0L15.26,5.36a0.42,0.42,0,0,0,.48.62l2.36-.81L20.47,6A0.42,0.42,0,0,0,21,5.37Z"/><path d="M4.83,13a0.07,0.07,0,0,0,0,.12L9.1,15.91a0.42,0.42,0,0,0,.62-0.48L8.91,13.07,9.72,10.7a0.42,0.42,0,0,0-.62-0.48Z"/><path d="M9.05,4.24A0.07,0.07,0,0,0,9,4.32l1,5a0.42,0.42,0,0,0,.78.1l1.1-2.24,2.25-1.1A0.42,0.42,0,0,0,14,5.28Z"/></svg>
--- a/assets/lane-icons/upstream/left-through.svg
+++ b/assets/lane-icons/upstream/left-through.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg id="left-through" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><title>icons</title><line x1="17" y1="23" x2="17" y2="6.81" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.5"/><path d="M17,19c0-5.32-4.66-8.23-7.83-9.1" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.5"/><path d="M17.06,2.3a0.08,0.08,0,0,0-.13,0L13.85,7a0.47,0.47,0,0,0,.53.69L17,6.81l2.62,0.9A0.46,0.46,0,0,0,20.15,7Z"/><path d="M5,8.29a0.08,0.08,0,0,0,0,.12l3.38,4.51a0.47,0.47,0,0,0,.83-0.27L9.17,9.9l1.74-2.16A0.46,0.46,0,0,0,10.45,7Z"/></svg>
--- a/assets/lane-icons/upstream/left.svg
+++ b/assets/lane-icons/upstream/left.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg id="left" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><title>icons</title><path d="M17,23V18c0-6.78-3.24-8.11-5.85-8.86" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="3"/><path d="M6.07,7.21A0.1,0.1,0,0,0,6,7.36l4.08,5.44a0.56,0.56,0,0,0,1-.32l0.06-3.33,2.1-2.6a0.56,0.56,0,0,0-.55-0.88Z"/></svg>
--- a/assets/lane-icons/upstream/reverse_left-left-slight_left-through.svg
+++ b/assets/lane-icons/upstream/reverse_left-left-slight_left-through.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg id="reverse_left-left-slight_left-through" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><title>icons</title><line x1="19" y1="4" x2="19" y2="23" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2"/><path d="M7.21,12h5.5A15.61,15.61,0,0,1,19,13" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2"/><path d="M13.7,5.85S19,9.23,19,15" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2"/><path d="M19.05,0.43a0.07,0.07,0,0,0-.1,0L16.49,4.18a0.37,0.37,0,0,0,.42.55L19,4l2.09,0.71a0.37,0.37,0,0,0,.42-0.54Z"/><path d="M11.2,3.28a0.07,0.07,0,0,0-.07.07l0.92,4.39a0.37,0.37,0,0,0,.68.09l1-2,2-1A0.37,0.37,0,0,0,15.6,4.2Z"/><path d="M3.68,11.95a0.07,0.07,0,0,0,0,.1L7.44,14.5A0.37,0.37,0,0,0,8,14.08L7.21,12,8,9.91a0.37,0.37,0,0,0-.54-0.42Z"/><path d="M10,23.06a0.07,0.07,0,0,0,.1,0l2.45-3.76a0.37,0.37,0,0,0-.42-0.55L10,19.48l-2.09-.71a0.37,0.37,0,0,0-.42.54Z"/><path d="M19,16c0-5.42-9-4.84-9,0l0,3.48" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2"/></svg>
--- a/assets/lane-icons/upstream/reverse_left-through.svg
+++ b/assets/lane-icons/upstream/reverse_left-through.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg id="reverse_left-through" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><title>icons</title><path d="M8.36,23a0.08,0.08,0,0,0,.13,0l3.08-4.72A0.47,0.47,0,0,0,11,17.56l-2.62.9-2.62-.9a0.46,0.46,0,0,0-.53.68Z"/><line x1="17" y1="23.19" x2="17" y2="6.08" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.5"/><path d="M17.06,1.57a0.08,0.08,0,0,0-.13,0L13.85,6.29a0.47,0.47,0,0,0,.53.69L17,6.08,19.62,7a0.46,0.46,0,0,0,.53-0.68Z"/><path d="M17,16c0-5-8.58-5.08-8.58,0v2.46" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.5"/></svg>
--- a/assets/lane-icons/upstream/reverse_left.svg
+++ b/assets/lane-icons/upstream/reverse_left.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg id="reverse_left" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><title>icons</title><path d="M7.8,23A0.1,0.1,0,0,0,8,23l3.72-5.69A0.56,0.56,0,0,0,11,16.45L7.88,17.53,4.72,16.44a0.56,0.56,0,0,0-.64.82Z"/><path d="M18,23V13c0-8-10.08-7.77-10.12.1v5.42" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="3"/></svg>
--- a/assets/lane-icons/upstream/sharp_left-through.svg
+++ b/assets/lane-icons/upstream/sharp_left-through.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg id="sharp_left-through" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><title>icons</title><path d="M5.38,17.17a0.08,0.08,0,0,0,.09.09L11,16.1a0.47,0.47,0,0,0,.11-0.86L8.62,14,7.4,11.53a0.46,0.46,0,0,0-.86.11Z"/><line x1="17" y1="23.19" x2="17" y2="6.08" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.5"/><path d="M17.06,1.57a0.08,0.08,0,0,0-.13,0L13.85,6.29a0.47,0.47,0,0,0,.53.69L17,6.08,19.62,7a0.46,0.46,0,0,0,.53-0.68Z"/><path d="M17,15.65c0-4.75-5.12-5.25-8.38-1.63" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.5"/></svg>
--- a/assets/lane-icons/upstream/sharp_left.svg
+++ b/assets/lane-icons/upstream/sharp_left.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg id="sharp_left" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><title>icons</title><path d="M4.1,15.8a0.1,0.1,0,0,0,.11.11l6.65-1.4a0.56,0.56,0,0,0,.13-1L8,12,6.53,9a0.56,0.56,0,0,0-1,.13Z"/><path d="M18,23V15c0-5.78-4-7.79-8.61-4.11L8,12" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="3"/></svg>
--- a/assets/lane-icons/upstream/slight_left-through.svg
+++ b/assets/lane-icons/upstream/slight_left-through.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg id="slight_left-through" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><title>icons</title><line x1="17" y1="23.19" x2="17" y2="6.08" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.5"/><path d="M17.06,1.57a0.08,0.08,0,0,0-.13,0L13.85,6.29a0.47,0.47,0,0,0,.53.69L17,6.08,19.62,7a0.46,0.46,0,0,0,.53-0.68Z"/><path d="M17,19c0-4.22-4.84-9.36-6.54-10.68" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.5"/><path d="M7.3,5.09a0.08,0.08,0,0,0-.09.09L8.37,10.7a0.47,0.47,0,0,0,.86.11l1.22-2.48,2.49-1.22a0.46,0.46,0,0,0-.11-0.86Z"/></svg>
--- a/assets/lane-icons/upstream/slight_left.svg
+++ b/assets/lane-icons/upstream/slight_left.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg id="slight_left" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><title>icons</title><path d="M15,23V20c0-4.12-.1-9.29-3-12.74" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="3"/><path d="M8.26,3.36a0.1,0.1,0,0,0-.11.11l1.4,6.65a0.56,0.56,0,0,0,1,.13l1.46-3,3-1.47a0.56,0.56,0,0,0-.13-1Z"/></svg>
--- a/assets/lane-icons/upstream/through.svg
+++ b/assets/lane-icons/upstream/through.svg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg id="through" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><title>icons</title><line x1="12.5" y1="23" x2="12.5" y2="8.47" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="3"/><path d="M12.58,3a0.1,0.1,0,0,0-.16,0L8.7,8.73a0.56,0.56,0,0,0,.64.83L12.5,8.47l3.16,1.08a0.56,0.56,0,0,0,.64-0.82Z"/></svg>
--- a/config/areas/nantaizi-lake-innovation-valley.json
+++ b/config/areas/nantaizi-lake-innovation-valley.json
@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@
    "previewExtent": null,
    "layerPrefix": "osm2streets"
  },
+  "turnLaneArrows": {
+    "enabled": true
+  },
  "osm2streets": {
    "debug_each_step": false,
    "dual_carriageway_experiment": false,
--- a/config/examples/template.json
+++ b/config/examples/template.json
@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@
    "previewExtent": null,
    "layerPrefix": "osm2streets"
  },
+  "turnLaneArrows": {
+    "enabled": false
+  },
  "osm2streets": {
    "debug_each_step": false,
    "dual_carriageway_experiment": false,
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@
    "preflight:area": "node scripts/preflight-area.js",
    "test:preflight": "node scripts/test-area-preflight.js",
    "test:budgets": "node scripts/test-asset-budgets.js",
-    "test:preview-assets": "node scripts/test-preview-assets.js"
+    "test:preview-assets": "node scripts/test-preview-assets.js",
+    "test:turn-lane-arrows": "node scripts/test-turn-lane-arrows.js",
+    "render:turn-lane-arrow-samples": "node scripts/render-turn-lane-arrow-samples.js"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "osm2streets-js-node": "0.1.4"
--- a/scripts/build-area.js
+++ b/scripts/build-area.js
@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ function writeDerivedConfig(area) {
    canvasExtent: area.qgis.canvasExtent,
    previewExtent: area.qgis.previewExtent,
    layerPrefix: area.qgis.layerPrefix,
+    turnLaneArrows: area.turnLaneArrows,
    osm2streets: area.osm2streets,
  };
  const derivedConfigPath = path.join(area.outputs.pipelineDir, "osm2streets-qgis.config.json");
--- a/scripts/build-osm2streets-qgis.js
+++ b/scripts/build-osm2streets-qgis.js
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ const path = require("path");
 const os = require("os");
 const { execFileSync } = require("child_process");
 const { JsStreetNetwork } = require("osm2streets-js-node");
+const { buildCustomTurnLaneArrows } = require("./lib/turn-lane-arrows");
 const {
  SCENE_LAYERS,
  SCENE_FILE,
@@ -88,6 +89,29 @@ const split = splitLayers(
  intersectionCornerSourceMaxDimensionMeters,
  osm,
 );
+const customTurnLaneArrows = buildCustomTurnLaneArrows(osm, {
+  ...config.turnLaneArrows,
+  network: JSON.parse(network.toJson()),
+  lanePolygons: JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(path.join(outDir, "lane_polygons.geojson"), "utf8")).features,
+  crosswalkStripes: split.crosswalks.features,
+  stopLines: split.vehicleStopLines.features,
+});
+const suppressedStandardLaneArrows = suppressNearestStandardLaneArrows(
+  split.laneArrows.features,
+  customTurnLaneArrows.features,
+);
+split.laneArrows.features = split.laneArrows.features.filter((feature) => !suppressedStandardLaneArrows.has(feature));
+split.laneArrows.features.push(...customTurnLaneArrows.features);
+const turnLaneArrowDiagnostics = {
+  enabled: config.turnLaneArrows?.enabled === true,
+  generated: customTurnLaneArrows.features.length,
+  suppressed_standard_lane_arrows: suppressedStandardLaneArrows.size,
+  diagnostics: customTurnLaneArrows.diagnostics,
+};
+fs.writeFileSync(
+  path.join(outDir, "turn_lane_arrow_diagnostics.json"),
+  `${JSON.stringify(turnLaneArrowDiagnostics, null, 2)}\n`,
+);
 for (const layer of SCENE_LAYERS) {
  writeJson(path.join(outDir, layerFile(layer)), split[layer.splitKey]);
 }
@@ -410,7 +434,7 @@ function splitLayers(dir, arrowScaleValue, maxCornerDimensionMeters, osm) {
  const markings = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(path.join(dir, "lane_markings.geojson"), "utf8"));
  const intersections = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(path.join(dir, "intersection_markings.geojson"), "utf8"));
  const network = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(path.join(dir, "network.json"), "utf8"));
-  const crosswalkData = buildCrosswalks(osm);
+  const crosswalkData = buildCrosswalks(osm, lanePolygons.features);
  const serviceWayIds = new Set([...osm.ways.values()]
    .filter((way) => way.tags.highway === "service")
    .map((way) => way.id));
@@ -452,9 +476,6 @@ function splitLayers(dir, arrowScaleValue, maxCornerDimensionMeters, osm) {
    const conflictsWithCrosswalk = isInAnyPolygon(feature, crosswalkData.zones, "intersects");
    if (type === "lane separator" && !conflictsWithCrosswalk) out.laneSeparators.features.push(feature);
    if (type === "center line" && !conflictsWithCrosswalk && !isInAnyPolygon(feature, serviceDrivingPolygons)) out.centerLines.features.push(feature);
-    if (type === "vehicle stop line" && !isInAnyPolygon(feature, crosswalkData.stopLineExclusionZones, "intersects")) {
-      out.vehicleStopLines.features.push(feature);
-    }
    if (type === "lane arrow" && !conflictsWithCrosswalk && !isInAnyPolygon(feature, serviceDrivingPolygons)) {
      out.laneArrows.features.push(scaleFeature(feature, arrowScaleValue));
    }
@@ -987,6 +1008,43 @@ function featureCenter(feature) {
  return [(Math.min(...xs) + Math.max(...xs)) / 2, (Math.min(...ys) + Math.max(...ys)) / 2];
 }

+function suppressNearestStandardLaneArrows(standardFeatures, customFeatures) {
+  const groups = new Map();
+  for (const feature of customFeatures) {
+    const id = feature.properties?.custom_arrow_id;
+    if (!id) continue;
+    const group = groups.get(id) || [];
+    group.push(feature);
+    groups.set(id, group);
+  }
+  const suppressed = new Set();
+  for (const parts of groups.values()) {
+    const center = featureGroupCenter(parts);
+    if (!center) continue;
+    let closest = null;
+    for (const feature of standardFeatures) {
+      if (suppressed.has(feature)) continue;
+      const candidateCenter = featureCenter(feature);
+      if (!candidateCenter) continue;
+      const distance = lineLengthMeters(center, candidateCenter);
+      if (distance > 5.5 || (closest && distance >= closest.distance)) continue;
+      closest = { feature, distance };
+    }
+    if (closest) suppressed.add(closest.feature);
+  }
+  return suppressed;
+}
+
+function featureGroupCenter(features) {
+  const points = [];
+  for (const feature of features) collectCoords(feature.geometry?.coordinates, points);
+  if (!points.length) return null;
+  return [
+    (Math.min(...points.map((point) => point[0])) + Math.max(...points.map((point) => point[0]))) / 2,
+    (Math.min(...points.map((point) => point[1])) + Math.max(...points.map((point) => point[1]))) / 2,
+  ];
+}
+
 function pointInPolygon(point, rings) {
  if (!rings?.length || !pointInRing(point, rings[0])) return false;
  return !rings.slice(1).some((ring) => pointInRing(point, ring));
@@ -1006,31 +1064,29 @@ function pointInRing([x, y], ring) {
  return inside;
 }

-function buildCrosswalks(osm) {
+function buildCrosswalks(osm, lanePolygons = []) {
  const crossingNodes = markedCrossingNodes(osm);
  const clusterCenters = crossingClusters(crossingNodes);
  const stripes = emptyCollection();
  const stopLines = emptyCollection();
  const zones = [];
-  const stopLineExclusionZones = [];
+  const fixedCenters = [];
  for (const node of crossingNodes) {
    const way = findCrossingWay(osm, node.id);
    const vector = crossingVector(osm, way, node.id);
    if (!vector) continue;
-    const crosswalk = crosswalkGeometry(node, way, vector, clusterCenters.get(node.id));
+    const crosswalk = crosswalkGeometry(node, way, vector, clusterCenters.get(node.id), lanePolygons);
    if (!crosswalk) continue;
+    if (fixedCenters.some((center) => pointDistanceMeters(center, crosswalk.center, crosswalk.meters) < 1)) continue;
+    fixedCenters.push(crosswalk.center);
    stripes.features.push(...crosswalk.stripes);
    if (crosswalk.stopLine) stopLines.features.push(crosswalk.stopLine);
    zones.push({
      bbox: featureBounds(crosswalk.zone),
      rings: polygonRings(crosswalk.zone.geometry),
    });
-    stopLineExclusionZones.push({
-      bbox: featureBounds(crosswalk.stopLineExclusionZone),
-      rings: polygonRings(crosswalk.stopLineExclusionZone.geometry),
-    });
  }
-  return { stripes, stopLines, zones, stopLineExclusionZones };
+  return { stripes, stopLines, zones };
 }

 function markedCrossingNodes(osm) {
@@ -1098,19 +1154,21 @@ function crossingVector(osm, way, nodeId) {
  return null;
 }

-function crosswalkGeometry(node, way, vector, intersectionCenter) {
+function crosswalkGeometry(node, way, vector, intersectionCenter, lanePolygons) {
  const meters = metersForLat(node.lat);
  const stripeLength = crosswalkLengthMeters(way);
  const stripeWidth = 0.45;
  const gap = 0.45;
  const count = 6;
  const total = count * stripeWidth + (count - 1) * gap;
-  const roadUnit = normalizeMetersVector(vector, meters);
-  if (!roadUnit) return null;
+  const rawRoadUnit = normalizeMetersVector(vector, meters);
+  if (!rawRoadUnit) return null;
+  const provisionalCenter = fixedCrosswalkCenter(node, rawRoadUnit, intersectionCenter, meters);
+  const laneFrame = crosswalkLaneFrame(way, lanePolygons, provisionalCenter, rawRoadUnit, meters);
+  const roadUnit = laneFrame?.roadUnit || rawRoadUnit;
  const acrossUnit = [-roadUnit[1], roadUnit[0]];
-  const center = [node.lon, node.lat];
+  const center = laneFrame?.center || provisionalCenter;
  const zoneCoords = rectangleMeters(center, roadUnit, acrossUnit, stripeLength + 0.8, total + 0.8, meters);
-  const stopLineExclusionCoords = rectangleMeters(center, roadUnit, acrossUnit, stripeLength + 5, total + 1.5, meters);
  const zone = {
    type: "Feature",
    properties: {
@@ -1119,14 +1177,6 @@ function crosswalkGeometry(node, way, vector, intersectionCenter) {
    },
    geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [zoneCoords] },
  };
-  const stopLineExclusionZone = {
-    type: "Feature",
-    properties: {
-      type: "crosswalk stop line exclusion zone",
-      crossing_node_id: node.id,
-    },
-    geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [stopLineExclusionCoords] },
-  };
  const stripes = [];
  for (let i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
    const offset = -total / 2 + stripeWidth / 2 + i * (stripeWidth + gap);
@@ -1144,17 +1194,92 @@ function crosswalkGeometry(node, way, vector, intersectionCenter) {
  }
  return {
    stripes,
+    center,
+    meters,
    zone,
-    stopLineExclusionZone,
-    stopLine: syntheticStopLine(node, way, roadUnit, acrossUnit, stripeLength, total, intersectionCenter, meters),
+    stopLine: syntheticStopLine(center, node.id, way, roadUnit, acrossUnit, stripeLength, total, intersectionCenter, meters),
  };
 }

-function syntheticStopLine(node, way, roadUnit, acrossUnit, stripeLength, crosswalkWidth, intersectionCenter, meters) {
+function crosswalkLaneFrame(way, lanePolygons, provisionalCenter, rawRoadUnit, meters) {
+  if (!way || !Array.isArray(lanePolygons)) return null;
+  const candidates = lanePolygons
+    .filter((feature) => feature.properties?.type === "Driving" && hasAnyWayId(feature.properties?.osm_way_ids, new Set([way.id])))
+    .map((feature) => nearestLaneAnchor(feature, provisionalCenter, meters))
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .sort((a, b) => a.distance - b.distance);
+  if (!candidates.length) return null;
+  // A way may be represented by adjacent normalized road pieces. Keep the
+  // nearby cross-section, including every directional lane, not a distant
+  // piece that happens to retain the same OSM way ID.
+  const maxDistance = candidates[0].distance + 8;
+  const anchors = candidates.filter((anchor) => anchor.distance <= maxDistance);
+  if (!anchors.length) return null;
+  const center = anchors.reduce((sum, anchor) => [sum[0] + anchor.point[0], sum[1] + anchor.point[1]], [0, 0])
+    .map((value) => value / anchors.length);
+  const axis = anchors.reduce((sum, anchor) => {
+    const sign = anchor.tangent[0] * rawRoadUnit[0] + anchor.tangent[1] * rawRoadUnit[1] >= 0 ? 1 : -1;
+    return [sum[0] + anchor.tangent[0] * sign, sum[1] + anchor.tangent[1] * sign];
+  }, [0, 0]);
+  const roadUnit = normalizeMetersVector(axis, { lon: 1, lat: 1 });
+  return roadUnit ? { center, roadUnit } : null;
+}
+
+function nearestLaneAnchor(feature, point, meters) {
+  const centerline = drivingLaneCenterline(feature);
+  if (!centerline) return null;
+  let best = null;
+  for (let index = 0; index < centerline.length - 1; index += 1) {
+    const start = centerline[index];
+    const end = centerline[index + 1];
+    const closest = closestPointOnSegment(point, start, end, meters);
+    const distance = pointDistanceMeters(closest, point, meters);
+    const tangent = normalizeMetersVector([end[0] - start[0], end[1] - start[1]], meters);
+    if (tangent && (!best || distance < best.distance)) best = { point: closest, distance, tangent };
+  }
+  return best;
+}
+
+function drivingLaneCenterline(feature) {
+  const ring = feature.geometry?.type === "Polygon" ? feature.geometry.coordinates?.[0] : null;
+  if (!ring || ring.length < 5) return null;
+  const vertices = ring.slice(0, -1);
+  const half = vertices.length / 2;
+  if (!Number.isInteger(half) || half < 2) return null;
+  return vertices.slice(0, half).map((point, index) => [
+    (point[0] + vertices[vertices.length - 1 - index][0]) / 2,
+    (point[1] + vertices[vertices.length - 1 - index][1]) / 2,
+  ]);
+}
+
+function closestPointOnSegment(point, start, end, meters) {
+  const dx = (end[0] - start[0]) * meters.lon;
+  const dy = (end[1] - start[1]) * meters.lat;
+  const px = (point[0] - start[0]) * meters.lon;
+  const py = (point[1] - start[1]) * meters.lat;
+  const lengthSquared = dx * dx + dy * dy;
+  const ratio = lengthSquared ? Math.max(0, Math.min(1, (px * dx + py * dy) / lengthSquared)) : 0;
+  return [start[0] + ratio * (end[0] - start[0]), start[1] + ratio * (end[1] - start[1])];
+}
+
+function fixedCrosswalkCenter(node, roadUnit, intersectionCenter, meters) {
+  if (!intersectionCenter) return [node.lon, node.lat];
+  const center = [intersectionCenter.lon, intersectionCenter.lat];
+  const candidates = [
+    addMeters(center, roadUnit, 7, meters),
+    addMeters(center, roadUnit, -7, meters),
+  ];
+  const source = [node.lon, node.lat];
+  return pointDistanceMeters(candidates[0], source, meters) <= pointDistanceMeters(candidates[1], source, meters)
+    ? candidates[0]
+    : candidates[1];
+}
+
+function syntheticStopLine(crosswalkCenter, crossingNodeId, way, roadUnit, acrossUnit, stripeLength, crosswalkWidth, intersectionCenter, meters) {
  if (!intersectionCenter) return null;
  const offset = stripeLength / 2 + 1.2;
-  const candidateA = addMeters([node.lon, node.lat], roadUnit, offset, meters);
-  const candidateB = addMeters([node.lon, node.lat], roadUnit, -offset, meters);
+  const candidateA = addMeters(crosswalkCenter, roadUnit, offset, meters);
+  const candidateB = addMeters(crosswalkCenter, roadUnit, -offset, meters);
  const stopSide = pointDistanceMeters(candidateA, intersectionCenter, meters) >= pointDistanceMeters(candidateB, intersectionCenter, meters)
    ? 1
    : -1;
@@ -1167,7 +1292,7 @@ function syntheticStopLine(node, way, roadUnit, acrossUnit, stripeLength, crossw
    properties: {
      type: "vehicle stop line",
      source: "crosswalk",
-      crossing_node_id: node.id,
+      crossing_node_id: crossingNodeId,
      highway: way?.tags.highway || null,
      stop_side: stopSide === 1 ? "with_way_outside" : "against_way_outside",
    },
--- a/scripts/lib/area-config.js
+++ b/scripts/lib/area-config.js
@@ -82,6 +82,9 @@ function normalizeAreaConfig(raw, options = {}) {
      previewExtent: raw.qgis?.previewExtent ?? raw.previewExtent ?? null,
      layerPrefix: raw.qgis?.layerPrefix ?? raw.layerPrefix ?? "osm2streets",
    },
+    turnLaneArrows: {
+      enabled: booleanOption(raw.turnLaneArrows?.enabled, false, "turnLaneArrows.enabled"),
+    },
    osm2streets: raw.osm2streets || {
      debug_each_step: false,
      dual_carriageway_experiment: false,
--- a/scripts/lib/turn-lane-arrows.js
+++ b/scripts/lib/turn-lane-arrows.js
@@ -0,0 +1,506 @@
+"use strict";
+
+const fs = require("fs");
+const path = require("path");
+
+const ASSET_MANIFEST = path.resolve(__dirname, "..", "..", "assets", "lane-icons", "manifest.json");
+const LANE_WIDTH_METERS = 3.2;
+const PLACEMENT_DISTANCE_METERS = 9;
+const SPATIAL_MATCH_MAX_DISTANCE_METERS = 18;
+const SPATIAL_MATCH_MIN_ALIGNMENT = Math.cos(Math.PI / 6);
+
+// Existing osm2streets lane arrows are approximately 1.4 m across. Keep the
+// 25-unit upstream icon at the same on-road scale rather than at screen scale.
+const SVG_METERS_PER_UNIT = 0.10;
+
+function loadManifest(file = ASSET_MANIFEST) {
+  const manifest = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(file, "utf8"));
+  if (!Array.isArray(manifest.assets)) throw new Error("turn-lane asset manifest has no assets array");
+  return manifest;
+}
+
+function supportedAssets(manifest = loadManifest()) {
+  return new Map(manifest.assets
+    .filter((asset) => asset.supported === true && asset.tested === true)
+    .map((asset) => [asset.id, asset]));
+}
+
+function buildCustomTurnLaneArrows(osm, options = {}) {
+  const enabled = options.enabled === true;
+  const diagnostics = [];
+  if (!enabled) return { features: [], diagnostics: [{ reason: "disabled" }] };
+  const assets = supportedAssets(options.manifest);
+  const endpointRoadCounts = roadCountsByNode(osm);
+  const networkIntersectionNodes = new Set((options.network?.intersections || [])
+    .flatMap(([, intersection]) => intersection.osm_ids || []).map(Number));
+  const features = [];
+  const ways = [...osm.ways.values()].sort((a, b) => a.id - b.id);
+  for (const way of ways) {
+    for (const direction of ["forward", "backward"]) {
+      const tag = way.tags[`turn:lanes:${direction}`];
+      if (!tag) continue;
+      const laneCount = directionalLaneCount(way, direction);
+      if (!laneCount) {
+        diagnostics.push(skip(way, direction, "missing_lane_count"));
+        continue;
+      }
+      const endpoint = endpointGeometry(osm, way, direction, endpointRoadCounts, networkIntersectionNodes);
+      if (!endpoint) {
+        diagnostics.push(skip(way, direction, "indeterminate_intersection_endpoint"));
+        continue;
+      }
+      const maneuvers = String(tag).split("|").map((value) => normalizeManeuver(value));
+      for (let laneIndex = 0; laneIndex < maneuvers.length; laneIndex += 1) {
+        const maneuver = maneuvers[laneIndex];
+        const asset = assets.get(maneuver);
+        if (!asset) {
+          diagnostics.push(skip(way, direction, "unsupported_or_untested_maneuver", { lane_index: laneIndex, maneuver }));
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (laneIndex >= laneCount) {
+          diagnostics.push(skip(way, direction, "lane_index_exceeds_lane_count", { lane_index: laneIndex, maneuver }));
+          continue;
+        }
+        const resolvedPlacement = lanePlacement(way, direction, laneIndex, endpoint, options.lanePolygons, options.crosswalkStripes, options.stopLines);
+        if (resolvedPlacement?.blocked) {
+          diagnostics.push(skip(way, direction, "no_safe_turn_arrow_position", { lane_index: laneIndex, maneuver }));
+          continue;
+        }
+        const placement = resolvedPlacement || fallbackLanePlacement(endpoint, direction, laneIndex, options.crosswalkStripes, options.stopLines);
+        if (!placement) {
+          diagnostics.push(skip(way, direction, "no_safe_turn_arrow_position", { lane_index: laneIndex, maneuver }));
+          continue;
+        }
+        const parts = templateFor(asset.id, options.manifest);
+        for (let partIndex = 0; partIndex < parts.length; partIndex += 1) {
+          features.push(makeFeature(way, direction, laneIndex, maneuver, asset, partIndex, parts[partIndex], placement.center, placement));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return { features, diagnostics };
+}
+
+function normalizeManeuver(value) {
+  const parts = String(value || "").split(";").map((part) => part.trim()).filter(Boolean).sort();
+  const supported = new Map([
+    ["through", "through"], ["left", "left"], ["right", "right"],
+    ["left;through", "through;left"], ["right;through", "through;right"],
+    ["left;right;through", "through;left;right"],
+  ]);
+  return supported.get(parts.join(";")) || parts.join(";");
+}
+
+function directionalLaneCount(way, direction) {
+  const specific = Number(way.tags[`lanes:${direction}`]);
+  if (Number.isInteger(specific) && specific > 0) return specific;
+  const total = Number(way.tags.lanes);
+  if (Number.isInteger(total) && total > 0 && total % 2 === 0 && !isOneway(way)) return total / 2;
+  if (Number.isInteger(total) && total > 0 && isOneway(way)) return total;
+  return null;
+}
+
+function roadCountsByNode(osm) {
+  const out = new Map();
+  for (const way of osm.ways.values()) {
+    if (!way.tags.highway || way.tags.highway === "service") continue;
+    for (const ref of new Set(way.refs)) out.set(ref, (out.get(ref) || 0) + 1);
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+function endpointGeometry(osm, way, direction, roadCounts, networkIntersectionNodes) {
+  const forward = direction === "forward";
+  const endpointIndex = forward ? way.refs.length - 1 : 0;
+  const neighborIndex = forward ? endpointIndex - 1 : 1;
+  const node = osm.nodes.get(way.refs[endpointIndex]);
+  const neighbor = osm.nodes.get(way.refs[neighborIndex]);
+  if (!node || !neighbor) return null;
+  const networkSaysIntersection = networkIntersectionNodes && networkIntersectionNodes.size > 0 && networkIntersectionNodes.has(node.id);
+  if (!networkSaysIntersection && (roadCounts.get(node.id) || 0) < 3) return null;
+  const meters = metersForLat(node.lat);
+  // For both directions, point from the adjacent road node to the endpoint.
+  // At a forward endpoint this is the OSM-way direction; at a backward
+  // endpoint it is the reverse OSM-way direction, i.e. the actual travel
+  // direction used by turn:lanes:backward.
+  const raw = [node.lon - neighbor.lon, node.lat - neighbor.lat];
+  const axis = normalizeMetersVector(raw, meters);
+  if (!axis) return null;
+  return { node, axis, right: [axis[1], -axis[0]], meters };
+}
+
+function laneCenter(endpoint, direction, laneIndex, meters) {
+  const lateral = (laneIndex + 0.5) * LANE_WIDTH_METERS;
+  // The local axis always follows travel, so moving back from either endpoint
+  // places the marking on its approach lane before the intersection.
+  return addMeters([endpoint.node.lon, endpoint.node.lat], endpoint.axis, -PLACEMENT_DISTANCE_METERS, endpoint.right, lateral, meters);
+}
+
+function fallbackLanePlacement(endpoint, direction, laneIndex, crosswalkStripes, stopLines) {
+  const lateral = (laneIndex + 0.5) * LANE_WIDTH_METERS;
+  for (const distance of [PLACEMENT_DISTANCE_METERS, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42]) {
+    const center = addMeters([endpoint.node.lon, endpoint.node.lat], endpoint.axis, -distance, endpoint.right, lateral, endpoint.meters);
+    if (!nearIntersectionMarking(center, endpoint.axis, crosswalkStripes, stopLines, endpoint.meters)) {
+      return { center, axis: endpoint.axis, right: endpoint.right, meters: endpoint.meters, placementDistance: distance, placementSource: "osm_way_fallback" };
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+function lanePlacement(way, direction, laneIndex, endpoint, lanePolygons, crosswalkStripes, stopLines) {
+  if (!Array.isArray(lanePolygons)) return null;
+  const expectedDirection = direction === "forward" ? "Fwd" : "Back";
+  const directionalCandidates = lanePolygons.filter((feature) =>
+    feature.properties?.type === "Driving" &&
+    feature.properties.direction === expectedDirection
+  );
+  let candidates = directionalCandidates.filter((feature) =>
+    (feature.properties.osm_way_ids || []).map(Number).includes(way.id)
+  );
+  let placementSource = "driving_lane_centerline";
+  let spatialAnchors = null;
+  if (!candidates.length) {
+    const ranked = directionalCandidates
+      .map((feature) => ({ feature, anchor: spatialLaneAnchor(feature, endpoint) }))
+      .filter(({ anchor }) => anchor)
+      .filter(({ anchor }) => anchor.alignment >= SPATIAL_MATCH_MIN_ALIGNMENT && anchor.distance <= SPATIAL_MATCH_MAX_DISTANCE_METERS)
+      .sort((a, b) => a.anchor.distance - b.anchor.distance || a.anchor.lateral - b.anchor.lateral || Number(a.feature.properties.index) - Number(b.feature.properties.index));
+    if (ranked.length) {
+      // JOSM may split a tagged OSM way into temporary negative IDs. Those IDs
+      // are absent from osm2streets' rendered polygons, so associate the full
+      // physical approach by endpoint proximity and road-axis alignment.
+      candidates = ranked.map(({ feature }) => feature);
+      placementSource = "spatial_driving_lane_centerline";
+      spatialAnchors = new Map(ranked.map(({ feature, anchor }) => [feature, anchor]));
+    }
+  }
+  candidates.sort((a, b) => {
+    const lateralA = spatialAnchors?.get(a)?.lateral;
+    const lateralB = spatialAnchors?.get(b)?.lateral;
+    if (Number.isFinite(lateralA) && Number.isFinite(lateralB) && lateralA !== lateralB) return lateralA - lateralB;
+    return Number(a.properties.index) - Number(b.properties.index);
+  });
+  const lane = candidates[laneIndex];
+  const spatialAnchor = spatialAnchors?.get(lane);
+  if (spatialAnchor) {
+    const sampled = placementDistances().map((distance) => ({
+      center: sampleCenterlineAwayFromEndpoint(spatialAnchor, distance, endpoint.meters),
+      distance,
+    })).find(({ center }) => center && !nearIntersectionMarking(center, spatialAnchor.axis, crosswalkStripes, stopLines, endpoint.meters));
+    if (!sampled) return { blocked: true };
+    return { center: sampled.center, axis: spatialAnchor.axis, right: [spatialAnchor.axis[1], -spatialAnchor.axis[0]], meters: endpoint.meters, placementDistance: sampled.distance, placementSource };
+  }
+  const centerline = laneCenterline(lane);
+  if (!centerline) return null;
+  const startsAtEndpoint = direction === "backward";
+  const ordered = startsAtEndpoint ? centerline : [...centerline].reverse();
+  const sampled = [PLACEMENT_DISTANCE_METERS, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42]
+    .map((distance) => ({ center: samplePolyline(ordered, distance, endpoint.meters), distance }))
+    .find(({ center }) => center && !nearIntersectionMarking(center, axisForLane(ordered, endpoint.meters), crosswalkStripes, stopLines, endpoint.meters));
+  if (!sampled) return { blocked: true };
+  const axis = axisForLane(ordered, endpoint.meters);
+  if (!axis) return null;
+  return { center: sampled.center, axis, right: [axis[1], -axis[0]], meters: endpoint.meters, placementDistance: sampled.distance, placementSource };
+}
+
+function spatialLaneAnchor(lane, endpoint) {
+  const centerline = laneCenterline(lane);
+  if (!centerline) return null;
+  let best = null;
+  for (let index = 0; index < centerline.length - 1; index += 1) {
+    const start = centerline[index];
+    const end = centerline[index + 1];
+    const point = closestPointOnSegment([endpoint.node.lon, endpoint.node.lat], start, end, endpoint.meters);
+    const distance = Math.hypot((point[0] - endpoint.node.lon) * endpoint.meters.lon, (point[1] - endpoint.node.lat) * endpoint.meters.lat);
+    const tangent = normalizeMetersVector(subtractPoint(end, start), endpoint.meters);
+    if (!tangent || (best && distance >= best.distance)) continue;
+    const dot = tangent[0] * endpoint.axis[0] + tangent[1] * endpoint.axis[1];
+    const axis = dot >= 0 ? tangent : [-tangent[0], -tangent[1]];
+    const offset = subtractPoint(point, [endpoint.node.lon, endpoint.node.lat]);
+    best = {
+      point,
+      distance,
+      axis,
+      alignment: Math.abs(dot),
+      lateral: offset[0] * endpoint.right[0] * endpoint.meters.lon + offset[1] * endpoint.right[1] * endpoint.meters.lat,
+      centerline,
+      segmentIndex: index,
+    };
+  }
+  return best;
+}
+
+function placementDistances() {
+  return [PLACEMENT_DISTANCE_METERS, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42];
+}
+
+function sampleCenterlineAwayFromEndpoint(anchor, distanceMeters, meters) {
+  const { centerline, segmentIndex } = anchor;
+  const start = centerline[segmentIndex];
+  const end = centerline[segmentIndex + 1];
+  const tangent = normalizeMetersVector(subtractPoint(end, start), meters);
+  if (!tangent) return null;
+  // Walk away from the junction along the rendered centerline. This preserves
+  // curved or split lane geometry instead of approximating it with a tangent.
+  const towardEnd = tangent[0] * anchor.axis[0] + tangent[1] * anchor.axis[1] < 0;
+  const points = [anchor.point];
+  if (towardEnd) {
+    for (let index = segmentIndex + 1; index < centerline.length; index += 1) points.push(centerline[index]);
+  } else {
+    for (let index = segmentIndex; index >= 0; index -= 1) points.push(centerline[index]);
+  }
+  return samplePolyline(points, distanceMeters, meters);
+}
+
+function closestPointOnSegment(point, start, end, meters) {
+  const dx = (end[0] - start[0]) * meters.lon;
+  const dy = (end[1] - start[1]) * meters.lat;
+  const px = (point[0] - start[0]) * meters.lon;
+  const py = (point[1] - start[1]) * meters.lat;
+  const lengthSquared = dx * dx + dy * dy;
+  const ratio = lengthSquared ? Math.max(0, Math.min(1, (px * dx + py * dy) / lengthSquared)) : 0;
+  return [start[0] + ratio * (end[0] - start[0]), start[1] + ratio * (end[1] - start[1])];
+}
+
+function laneCenterline(lane) {
+  const ring = lane?.geometry?.type === "Polygon" ? lane.geometry.coordinates?.[0] : null;
+  // A straight osm2streets Driving lane is commonly a closed quadrilateral:
+  // four distinct vertices plus the repeated closing vertex. Its opposing
+  // edges still provide the same two-point centerline as longer lane shapes.
+  if (!ring || ring.length < 5) return null;
+  // osm2streets Driving polygons are ordered along one boundary then back
+  // along the other. Midpoints of paired vertices form the rendered lane axis.
+  const vertices = ring.slice(0, -1);
+  const half = vertices.length / 2;
+  if (!Number.isInteger(half) || half < 2) return null;
+  return vertices.slice(0, half).map((point, index) => [
+    (point[0] + vertices[vertices.length - 1 - index][0]) / 2,
+    (point[1] + vertices[vertices.length - 1 - index][1]) / 2,
+  ]);
+}
+
+function axisForLane(ordered, meters) {
+  return normalizeMetersVector(subtractPoint(ordered[0], ordered[1]), meters);
+}
+
+function nearIntersectionMarking(center, axis, stripes, stopLines, meters) {
+  if (!axis) return true;
+  const right = [axis[1], -axis[0]];
+  const samples = [];
+  for (const forward of [-0.2, 0.5, 1.2, 1.9, 2.2]) {
+    for (const lateral of [-1.6, -0.8, 0, 0.8, 1.6]) {
+      samples.push(addMeters(center, axis, forward, right, lateral, meters));
+    }
+  }
+  return [...(stripes || []), ...(stopLines || [])].some((feature) => samples.some((point) => nearFeature(point, feature, meters)));
+}
+
+function nearFeature(point, feature, meters) {
+  const ring = feature.geometry?.type === "Polygon" ? feature.geometry.coordinates?.[0] : null;
+  if (!ring?.length) return false;
+  const xs = ring.map((coordinate) => coordinate[0]);
+  const ys = ring.map((coordinate) => coordinate[1]);
+  const clearance = 0.7;
+  const dx = Math.max((Math.min(...xs) - point[0]) * meters.lon, 0, (point[0] - Math.max(...xs)) * meters.lon);
+  const dy = Math.max((Math.min(...ys) - point[1]) * meters.lat, 0, (point[1] - Math.max(...ys)) * meters.lat);
+  return Math.hypot(dx, dy) < clearance;
+}
+
+function subtractPoint([lon, lat], [otherLon, otherLat]) {
+  return [lon - otherLon, lat - otherLat];
+}
+
+function samplePolyline(points, distanceMeters, meters) {
+  let remaining = distanceMeters;
+  for (let index = 0; index < points.length - 1; index += 1) {
+    const start = points[index];
+    const end = points[index + 1];
+    const vector = normalizeMetersVector(subtractPoint(end, start), meters);
+    const length = Math.hypot((end[0] - start[0]) * meters.lon, (end[1] - start[1]) * meters.lat);
+    if (!vector || !length) continue;
+    if (remaining <= length) return addMeters(start, vector, remaining, [0, 0], 0, meters);
+    remaining -= length;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+function makeFeature(way, direction, laneIndex, maneuver, asset, partIndex, template, center, endpoint) {
+  const ring = template.map(([rightMeters, forwardMeters]) => addMeters(center, endpoint.axis, forwardMeters, endpoint.right, rightMeters, endpoint.meters));
+  return {
+    type: "Feature",
+    properties: {
+      type: "lane arrow",
+      source: "osm_turn_lanes",
+      osm_way_id: way.id,
+      direction,
+      lane_index: laneIndex,
+      maneuver,
+      source_asset: asset.id,
+      source_asset_path: asset.source,
+      arrow_part: partIndex,
+      // SVG strokes and fills are expanded separately for GeoJSON validity.
+      // This stable key lets the QGIS normalizer restore one rendered arrow.
+      custom_arrow_id: `${way.id}:${direction}:${laneIndex}:${maneuver}`,
+      placement_distance_meters: endpoint.placementDistance ?? PLACEMENT_DISTANCE_METERS,
+      placement_source: endpoint.placementSource ?? "osm_way_fallback",
+    },
+    geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [ring] },
+  };
+}
+
+function skip(way, direction, reason, extra = {}) {
+  return { source: "osm_turn_lanes", osm_way_id: way.id, direction, reason, ...extra };
+}
+
+function isOneway(way) {
+  return ["yes", "true", "1"].includes(String(way.tags.oneway || "").toLowerCase());
+}
+
+function metersForLat(lat) {
+  return { lon: 111320 * Math.cos((lat * Math.PI) / 180), lat: 110540 };
+}
+
+function normalizeMetersVector([dxLon, dyLat], meters) {
+  const x = dxLon * meters.lon;
+  const y = dyLat * meters.lat;
+  const length = Math.hypot(x, y);
+  return length ? [x / length, y / length] : null;
+}
+
+function addMeters(center, axis, axisDistance, right, rightDistance, meters) {
+  return [
+    center[0] + (axis[0] * axisDistance + right[0] * rightDistance) / meters.lon,
+    center[1] + (axis[1] * axisDistance + right[1] * rightDistance) / meters.lat,
+  ];
+}
+
+function templateFor(assetId, manifest = loadManifest()) {
+  const asset = supportedAssets(manifest).get(assetId);
+  if (!asset) throw new Error(`Unsupported or untested turn-lane asset: ${assetId}`);
+  return angularTemplate(assetId);
+}
+
+function angularTemplate(assetId) {
+  const shaftWidth = 0.30;
+  const shaftHalf = shaftWidth / 2;
+  const straightBase = 1.18;
+  const straightTip = 1.92;
+  const rectangle = (minX, minY, maxX, maxY) => [
+    [minX, minY], [maxX, minY], [maxX, maxY], [minX, maxY], [minX, minY],
+  ];
+  const throughHead = () => [[0, straightTip], [-0.42, straightBase], [-shaftHalf, straightBase], [-shaftHalf, 0], [shaftHalf, 0], [shaftHalf, straightBase], [0.42, straightBase], [0, straightTip]];
+  const diagonalShaft = (side) => {
+    const start = [0, 0.56];
+    const end = [side * 0.72, 0.96];
+    const length = Math.hypot(end[0] - start[0], end[1] - start[1]);
+    const normal = [-(end[1] - start[1]) / length * shaftHalf, (end[0] - start[0]) / length * shaftHalf];
+    return [[start[0] + normal[0], start[1] + normal[1]], [end[0] + normal[0], end[1] + normal[1]], [end[0] - normal[0], end[1] - normal[1]], [start[0] - normal[0], start[1] - normal[1]], [start[0] + normal[0], start[1] + normal[1]]];
+  };
+  const diagonalHead = (side) => {
+    const base = [side * 0.60, 0.89];
+    const tip = [side * 1.22, 1.24];
+    const length = Math.hypot(tip[0] - base[0], tip[1] - base[1]);
+    const normal = [-(tip[1] - base[1]) / length * 0.36, (tip[0] - base[0]) / length * 0.36];
+    return [tip, [base[0] + normal[0], base[1] + normal[1]], [base[0] - normal[0], base[1] - normal[1]], tip];
+  };
+  const turnStem = (side) => {
+    const cutMidpoint = 0.73;
+    const cutRise = side * 0.084;
+    return [
+      [-shaftHalf, 0], [shaftHalf, 0],
+      [shaftHalf, cutMidpoint + cutRise], [-shaftHalf, cutMidpoint - cutRise],
+      [-shaftHalf, 0],
+    ];
+  };
+  if (assetId === "through") return [throughHead()];
+  if (assetId === "right") return [turnStem(1), diagonalShaft(1), diagonalHead(1)];
+  if (assetId === "left") return [turnStem(-1), diagonalShaft(-1), diagonalHead(-1)];
+  if (assetId === "through;right") return [throughHead(), diagonalShaft(1), diagonalHead(1)];
+  if (assetId === "through;left") return [throughHead(), diagonalShaft(-1), diagonalHead(-1)];
+  if (assetId === "through;left;right") return [throughHead(), diagonalShaft(-1), diagonalHead(-1), diagonalShaft(1), diagonalHead(1)];
+  throw new Error(`No angular turn-lane template: ${assetId}`);
+}
+
+function sourceSvgTemplateFor(asset, assetId) {
+  const source = fs.readFileSync(path.resolve(__dirname, "..", "..", "assets", "lane-icons", asset.source), "utf8");
+  const mirrorX = asset.mirror_x === true;
+  const anchorX = Number(asset.anchor_x);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(anchorX)) throw new Error(`turn-lane asset has invalid anchor_x: ${assetId}`);
+  const shapes = [];
+  for (const match of source.matchAll(/<line\b([^>]*)\/>|<path\b([^>]*)\/>/g)) {
+    const attrs = parseSvgAttrs(match[1] || match[2]);
+    const strokeWidth = Number(attrs["stroke-width"] || 0);
+    if (match[1]) {
+      shapes.push(strokePolygon([[Number(attrs.x1), Number(attrs.y1)], [Number(attrs.x2), Number(attrs.y2)]], strokeWidth));
+    } else {
+      const points = parseSvgPath(attrs.d || "");
+      if (attrs.fill !== "none") shapes.push(points);
+      if (strokeWidth > 0) shapes.push(strokePolygon(points, strokeWidth));
+    }
+  }
+  return shapes.filter((ring) => ring.length >= 4).map((ring) => ring.map(([x, y]) => [
+    (mirrorX ? anchorX - x : x - anchorX) * SVG_METERS_PER_UNIT,
+    (23 - y) * SVG_METERS_PER_UNIT,
+  ]));
+}
+
+function parseSvgAttrs(text) {
+  const attrs = {};
+  for (const match of text.matchAll(/([\w:-]+)=(['"])(.*?)\2/g)) attrs[match[1]] = match[3];
+  return attrs;
+}
+
+function parseSvgPath(value) {
+  const tokens = value.match(/[a-zA-Z]|[-+]?(?:\d*\.\d+|\d+\.?)(?:[eE][-+]?\d+)?/g) || [];
+  let index = 0;
+  let command = "";
+  let point = [0, 0];
+  let start = null;
+  const points = [];
+  const number = () => Number(tokens[index++]);
+  const lineTo = (x, y) => { point = [x, y]; points.push(point); };
+  while (index < tokens.length) {
+    if (/^[a-zA-Z]$/.test(tokens[index])) command = tokens[index++];
+    const relative = command === command.toLowerCase();
+    const op = command.toUpperCase();
+    if (op === "Z") { if (start) points.push(start); command = ""; continue; }
+    if (op === "M" || op === "L") {
+      const x = number(); const y = number();
+      const next = relative ? [point[0] + x, point[1] + y] : [x, y];
+      if (op === "M" && !start) { start = next; point = next; points.push(point); command = relative ? "l" : "L"; } else lineTo(...next);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (op === "H") { lineTo(relative ? point[0] + number() : number(), point[1]); continue; }
+    if (op === "V") { lineTo(point[0], relative ? point[1] + number() : number()); continue; }
+    if (op === "C") {
+      const values = [number(), number(), number(), number(), number(), number()];
+      const controls = relative ? values.map((n, i) => n + point[i % 2]) : values;
+      const origin = point;
+      for (let step = 1; step <= 8; step += 1) {
+        const t = step / 8; const u = 1 - t;
+        lineTo(u ** 3 * origin[0] + 3 * u ** 2 * t * controls[0] + 3 * u * t ** 2 * controls[2] + t ** 3 * controls[4], u ** 3 * origin[1] + 3 * u ** 2 * t * controls[1] + 3 * u * t ** 2 * controls[3] + t ** 3 * controls[5]);
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (op === "A") { number(); number(); number(); number(); number(); const x = number(); const y = number(); lineTo(relative ? point[0] + x : x, relative ? point[1] + y : y); continue; }
+    throw new Error(`Unsupported SVG path command: ${command}`);
+  }
+  return points;
+}
+
+function strokePolygon(points, width) {
+  if (points.length < 2) return [];
+  const half = width / 2;
+  const left = []; const right = [];
+  for (let index = 0; index < points.length; index += 1) {
+    const prev = points[Math.max(0, index - 1)];
+    const next = points[Math.min(points.length - 1, index + 1)];
+    const dx = next[0] - prev[0]; const dy = next[1] - prev[1]; const length = Math.hypot(dx, dy) || 1;
+    const nx = -dy / length * half; const ny = dx / length * half;
+    left.push([points[index][0] + nx, points[index][1] + ny]);
+    right.unshift([points[index][0] - nx, points[index][1] - ny]);
+  }
+  return [...left, ...right, left[0]];
+}
+
+module.exports = { buildCustomTurnLaneArrows, loadManifest, normalizeManeuver, supportedAssets, templateFor };
--- a/scripts/normalize-lane-arrows.py
+++ b/scripts/normalize-lane-arrows.py
@@ -152,7 +152,10 @@ def normalize_file(input_path, tolerance):
    with input_path.open("r", encoding="utf-8") as handle:
        collection = json.load(handle)

-    for index, feature in enumerate(collection.get("features", [])):
+    collection["features"] = merge_custom_turn_lane_arrow_components(
+        collection.get("features", [])
+    )
+    for index, feature in enumerate(collection["features"]):
        geometry = ogr.CreateGeometryFromJson(json.dumps(feature.get("geometry", {})))
        if geometry is None or geometry.IsEmpty():
            raise ValueError(f"feature {index} has no usable geometry")
@@ -171,6 +174,49 @@ def normalize_file(input_path, tolerance):
    temp_path.replace(input_path)


+def merge_custom_turn_lane_arrow_components(features):
+    """Restore each imported SVG icon before QGIS assigns its single outline."""
+    grouped = {}
+    for feature in features:
+        properties = feature.get("properties", {})
+        arrow_id = properties.get("custom_arrow_id")
+        if properties.get("source") == "osm_turn_lanes" and arrow_id:
+            grouped.setdefault(arrow_id, []).append(feature)
+
+    merged_ids = set()
+    output = []
+    for feature in features:
+        properties = feature.get("properties", {})
+        arrow_id = properties.get("custom_arrow_id")
+        if properties.get("source") != "osm_turn_lanes" or not arrow_id:
+            output.append(feature)
+            continue
+        if arrow_id in merged_ids:
+            continue
+        merged_ids.add(arrow_id)
+        components = grouped[arrow_id]
+        multi = ogr.Geometry(ogr.wkbMultiPolygon)
+        for component in components:
+            geometry = ogr.CreateGeometryFromJson(
+                json.dumps(component.get("geometry", {}))
+            )
+            if geometry is None or geometry.IsEmpty() or geometry.GetGeometryName() != "POLYGON":
+                raise ValueError(f"custom arrow {arrow_id} has an invalid component")
+            multi.AddGeometry(geometry)
+        united = multi.UnionCascaded()
+        if united is None or united.IsEmpty() or united.GetGeometryName() != "POLYGON":
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"custom arrow {arrow_id} components did not form one Polygon"
+            )
+        merged = dict(components[0])
+        merged["properties"] = dict(components[0].get("properties", {}))
+        merged["properties"].pop("arrow_part", None)
+        merged["properties"]["component_count"] = len(components)
+        merged["geometry"] = json.loads(united.ExportToJson())
+        output.append(merged)
+    return output
+
+
 def main():
    args = cli_args()
    if args.outline_simplify_meters < 0:
--- a/scripts/render-turn-lane-arrow-samples.js
+++ b/scripts/render-turn-lane-arrow-samples.js
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+"use strict";
+
+const fs = require("fs");
+const path = require("path");
+const { templateFor } = require("./lib/turn-lane-arrows");
+
+const output = path.resolve(process.argv[2] || path.join("outputs", "turn-lane-arrow-samples.svg"));
+const DISPLAY_SCALE = 60;
+const samples = [{ id: "right", label: "right" }, { id: "through;right", label: "through;right" }];
+const cells = samples.map((sample, index) => {
+  const x = 95 + index * 190;
+  const polygons = templateFor(sample.id).map((ring) => {
+    const points = ring.map(([right, forward]) => `${x + right * DISPLAY_SCALE},${185 - forward * DISPLAY_SCALE}`).join(" ");
+    return `<polygon points="${points}"/>`;
+  }).join("");
+  return `<g><rect x="${x - 70}" y="35" width="140" height="220"/><g class="arrow">${polygons}</g><text x="${x}" y="282">${sample.label}</text></g>`;
+}).join("");
+const svg = `<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="380" height="300" viewBox="0 0 380 300"><style>rect{fill:#555650}.arrow polygon{fill:#fffff6;stroke:#2b2b28;stroke-width:1.7;stroke-linejoin:round}text{fill:#2b2b28;font:14px sans-serif;text-anchor:middle}</style>${cells}</svg>\n`;
+fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(output), { recursive: true });
+fs.writeFileSync(output, svg);
+console.log(`TURN_LANE_ARROW_SAMPLES ${output}`);
--- a/scripts/test-turn-lane-arrows.js
+++ b/scripts/test-turn-lane-arrows.js
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+"use strict";
+
+const assert = require("assert");
+const { buildCustomTurnLaneArrows, loadManifest, normalizeManeuver, supportedAssets, templateFor } = require("./lib/turn-lane-arrows");
+
+function node(id, lon, lat) { return { id, lon, lat, tags: {} }; }
+function way(id, refs, tags) { return { id, refs, tags }; }
+
+const nodes = new Map([
+  [1, node(1, 0, 0)], [2, node(2, 0, 0.001)], [3, node(3, -0.001, 0.001)],
+  [4, node(4, 0.001, 0.001)], [5, node(5, -0.001, 0)], [6, node(6, 0.001, 0)],
+]);
+const primary = way(10, [1, 2], {
+  highway: "residential", lanes: "4", "lanes:forward": "2", "lanes:backward": "2",
+  "turn:lanes:forward": "through;right|left", "turn:lanes:backward": "right|through;left",
+});
+const osm = { nodes, ways: new Map([
+  [10, primary], [11, way(11, [2, 3], { highway: "residential" })], [12, way(12, [2, 4], { highway: "residential" })],
+  [13, way(13, [1, 5], { highway: "residential" })], [14, way(14, [1, 6], { highway: "residential" })],
+]) };
+const network = { intersections: [[1, { osm_ids: [1] }], [2, { osm_ids: [2] }]] };
+
+assert.equal(normalizeManeuver("right;through"), "through;right");
+assert.equal(normalizeManeuver("through;left"), "through;left");
+assert.equal(normalizeManeuver("left;through;right"), "through;left;right");
+assert.equal(normalizeManeuver("slight_right"), "slight_right");
+const manifest = loadManifest();
+assert.equal(manifest.assets.length, 14);
+assert.deepEqual([...supportedAssets(manifest).keys()].sort(), ["left", "right", "through", "through;left", "through;left;right", "through;right"]);
+const throughRight = templateFor("through;right", manifest);
+const straightShaft = throughRight[0];
+const shaftXs = straightShaft.map(([x]) => x);
+assert.ok(Math.abs((Math.min(...shaftXs) + Math.max(...shaftXs)) / 2) < 1e-9, "the through shaft is anchored to the lane centerline");
+const rightXs = templateFor("right", manifest).flat().map(([x]) => x);
+assert.ok(Math.max(...rightXs) - Math.min(...rightXs) < 1.7, "source SVG scale stays comparable to existing lane arrows");
+assert.equal(templateFor("through;left;right", manifest).length, 5, "triple maneuver has a shared straight shaft and two branches");
+const disabled = buildCustomTurnLaneArrows(osm, { enabled: false, manifest });
+assert.equal(disabled.features.length, 0);
+assert.equal(disabled.diagnostics[0].reason, "disabled");
+const result = buildCustomTurnLaneArrows(osm, { enabled: true, manifest, network });
+assert.equal(result.features.length, 12, "each angular component remains a valid single Polygon feature");
+assert.deepEqual([...new Set(result.features.map((feature) => feature.properties.custom_arrow_id))], [
+  "10:forward:0:through;right", "10:forward:1:left", "10:backward:0:right", "10:backward:1:through;left",
+]);
+assert.deepEqual(result.features.map((feature) => feature.properties.arrow_part), [
+  0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2,
+]);
+for (const feature of result.features) {
+  assert.equal(feature.geometry.type, "Polygon");
+  assert.equal(feature.properties.source, "osm_turn_lanes");
+  assert.ok(feature.properties.osm_way_id);
+  assert.ok(Number.isInteger(feature.properties.lane_index));
+}
+const forwardRight = result.features.find((feature) => feature.properties.custom_arrow_id === "10:forward:0:through;right");
+const backwardRight = result.features.find((feature) => feature.properties.custom_arrow_id === "10:backward:0:right");
+const centerY = (feature) => feature.geometry.coordinates[0].reduce((sum, point) => sum + point[1], 0) / feature.geometry.coordinates[0].length;
+assert.ok(centerY(forwardRight) < nodes.get(2).lat, "forward arrow is placed before its endpoint");
+assert.ok(centerY(backwardRight) > nodes.get(1).lat, "backward arrow is placed into its way from the endpoint");
+const quadLanePolygons = [
+  {
+    type: "Feature",
+    properties: { type: "Driving", direction: "Fwd", index: 2, osm_way_ids: [10] },
+    geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [[[-0.00002, 0], [-0.00002, 0.001], [0.00002, 0.001], [0.00002, 0], [-0.00002, 0]]] },
+  },
+  {
+    type: "Feature",
+    properties: { type: "Driving", direction: "Back", index: 1, osm_way_ids: [10] },
+    geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [[[0.00002, 0], [0.00002, 0.001], [0.00006, 0.001], [0.00006, 0], [0.00002, 0]]] },
+  },
+];
+const centered = buildCustomTurnLaneArrows(osm, { enabled: true, manifest, network, lanePolygons: quadLanePolygons });
+assert.ok(centered.features.length > 0);
+assert.ok(centered.features
+  .filter((feature) => feature.properties.lane_index === 0)
+  .every((feature) => feature.properties.placement_source === "driving_lane_centerline"), "closed quadrilateral Driving lanes use their actual centerline");
+const missingEndpoint = buildCustomTurnLaneArrows({ nodes, ways: new Map([[10, primary]]) }, { enabled: true, manifest });
+assert.equal(missingEndpoint.features.length, 0);
+assert.ok(missingEndpoint.diagnostics.every((entry) => entry.reason === "indeterminate_intersection_endpoint"));
+const untested = way(20, [1, 2], { highway: "residential", "lanes:forward": "1", "turn:lanes:forward": "slight_left" });
+const untestedResult = buildCustomTurnLaneArrows({ nodes, ways: new Map([[20, untested], [11, osm.ways.get(11)], [12, osm.ways.get(12)]]) }, { enabled: true, manifest });
+assert.equal(untestedResult.features.length, 0);
+assert.equal(untestedResult.diagnostics[0].reason, "unsupported_or_untested_maneuver");
+
+function drivingLane(osmWayId, index, x) {
+  return {
+    type: "Feature",
+    properties: { type: "Driving", direction: "Fwd", index, osm_way_ids: [osmWayId] },
+    // The first edge ends at the junction and the opposite edge returns,
+    // matching osm2streets' Driving polygon winding.
+    geometry: { type: "Polygon", coordinates: [[
+      [x - 0.000006, 0.001], [x - 0.000006, -0.001],
+      [x + 0.000006, -0.001], [x + 0.000006, 0.001], [x - 0.000006, 0.001],
+    ]] },
+  };
+}
+
+const splitWay = way(-500, [1, 2], {
+  highway: "residential", "lanes:forward": "2", "turn:lanes:forward": "through|through",
+});
+const splitOsm = { nodes, ways: new Map([[splitWay.id, splitWay]]) };
+const splitResult = buildCustomTurnLaneArrows(splitOsm, {
+  enabled: true,
+  manifest,
+  network: { intersections: [[2, { osm_ids: [2] }]] },
+  // These are the pre-split rendered road IDs. Their index ordering is
+  // intentionally opposite to the physical left-to-right lane ordering.
+  lanePolygons: [drivingLane(9001, 99, -0.000015), drivingLane(9002, 1, 0.000015)],
+});
+assert.equal(splitResult.features.length, 2);
+assert.ok(splitResult.features.every((feature) => feature.properties.placement_source === "spatial_driving_lane_centerline"));
+const shaftCenter = (feature) => {
+  const ring = feature.geometry.coordinates[0];
+  return [(ring[3][0] + ring[4][0]) / 2, (ring[3][1] + ring[4][1]) / 2];
+};
+const splitLeft = splitResult.features.find((feature) => feature.properties.lane_index === 0);
+const splitRight = splitResult.features.find((feature) => feature.properties.lane_index === 1);
+assert.ok(Math.abs(shaftCenter(splitLeft)[0] + 0.000015) < 1e-9, "split-ID lane zero is centered on the physical left Driving lane");
+assert.ok(Math.abs(shaftCenter(splitRight)[0] - 0.000015) < 1e-9, "split-ID lane one is centered on the physical right Driving lane");
+assert.ok(shaftCenter(splitLeft)[1] < nodes.get(2).lat && shaftCenter(splitRight)[1] < nodes.get(2).lat, "spatial placement walks back along the rendered centerline from the intersection");
+console.log("Turn-lane arrow tests passed.");
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				<svg id="left-slight_left-through" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><title>icons</title><line x1="18.1" y1="5.17" x2="18.11" y2="23" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.25"/><path d="M18.11,19.69c0-3.65-5.82-6.62-9.2-6.62" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.25"/><path d="M11.89,7.16S18.11,12.74,18.11,19" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.25"/><path d="M18.16,1.09a0.07,0.07,0,0,0-.12,0L15.26,5.36a0.42,0.42,0,0,0,.48.62l2.36-.81L20.47,6A0.42,0.42,0,0,0,21,5.37Z"/><path d="M4.83,13a0.07,0.07,0,0,0,0,.12L9.1,15.91a0.42,0.42,0,0,0,.62-0.48L8.91,13.07,9.72,10.7a0.42,0.42,0,0,0-.62-0.48Z"/><path d="M9.05,4.24A0.07,0.07,0,0,0,9,4.32l1,5a0.42,0.42,0,0,0,.78.1l1.1-2.24,2.25-1.1A0.42,0.42,0,0,0,14,5.28Z"/></svg>
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				<svg id="left-through" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><title>icons</title><line x1="17" y1="23" x2="17" y2="6.81" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.5"/><path d="M17,19c0-5.32-4.66-8.23-7.83-9.1" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.5"/><path d="M17.06,2.3a0.08,0.08,0,0,0-.13,0L13.85,7a0.47,0.47,0,0,0,.53.69L17,6.81l2.62,0.9A0.46,0.46,0,0,0,20.15,7Z"/><path d="M5,8.29a0.08,0.08,0,0,0,0,.12l3.38,4.51a0.47,0.47,0,0,0,.83-0.27L9.17,9.9l1.74-2.16A0.46,0.46,0,0,0,10.45,7Z"/></svg>
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`<svg id="left" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><title>icons</title><path d="M17,23V18c0-6.78-3.24-8.11-5.85-8.86" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="3"/><path d="M6.07,7.21A0.1,0.1,0,0,0,6,7.36l4.08,5.44a0.56,0.56,0,0,0,1-.32l0.06-3.33,2.1-2.6a0.56,0.56,0,0,0-.55-0.88Z"/></svg>`
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				<svg id="reverse_left-left-slight_left-through" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><title>icons</title><line x1="19" y1="4" x2="19" y2="23" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2"/><path d="M7.21,12h5.5A15.61,15.61,0,0,1,19,13" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2"/><path d="M13.7,5.85S19,9.23,19,15" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2"/><path d="M19.05,0.43a0.07,0.07,0,0,0-.1,0L16.49,4.18a0.37,0.37,0,0,0,.42.55L19,4l2.09,0.71a0.37,0.37,0,0,0,.42-0.54Z"/><path d="M11.2,3.28a0.07,0.07,0,0,0-.07.07l0.92,4.39a0.37,0.37,0,0,0,.68.09l1-2,2-1A0.37,0.37,0,0,0,15.6,4.2Z"/><path d="M3.68,11.95a0.07,0.07,0,0,0,0,.1L7.44,14.5A0.37,0.37,0,0,0,8,14.08L7.21,12,8,9.91a0.37,0.37,0,0,0-.54-0.42Z"/><path d="M10,23.06a0.07,0.07,0,0,0,.1,0l2.45-3.76a0.37,0.37,0,0,0-.42-0.55L10,19.48l-2.09-.71a0.37,0.37,0,0,0-.42.54Z"/><path d="M19,16c0-5.42-9-4.84-9,0l0,3.48" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2"/></svg>
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				<svg id="reverse_left-through" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><title>icons</title><path d="M8.36,23a0.08,0.08,0,0,0,.13,0l3.08-4.72A0.47,0.47,0,0,0,11,17.56l-2.62.9-2.62-.9a0.46,0.46,0,0,0-.53.68Z"/><line x1="17" y1="23.19" x2="17" y2="6.08" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.5"/><path d="M17.06,1.57a0.08,0.08,0,0,0-.13,0L13.85,6.29a0.47,0.47,0,0,0,.53.69L17,6.08,19.62,7a0.46,0.46,0,0,0,.53-0.68Z"/><path d="M17,16c0-5-8.58-5.08-8.58,0v2.46" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.5"/></svg>
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`<svg id="reverse_left" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><title>icons</title><path d="M7.8,23A0.1,0.1,0,0,0,8,23l3.72-5.69A0.56,0.56,0,0,0,11,16.45L7.88,17.53,4.72,16.44a0.56,0.56,0,0,0-.64.82Z"/><path d="M18,23V13c0-8-10.08-7.77-10.12.1v5.42" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="3"/></svg>`
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				<svg id="sharp_left-through" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><title>icons</title><path d="M5.38,17.17a0.08,0.08,0,0,0,.09.09L11,16.1a0.47,0.47,0,0,0,.11-0.86L8.62,14,7.4,11.53a0.46,0.46,0,0,0-.86.11Z"/><line x1="17" y1="23.19" x2="17" y2="6.08" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.5"/><path d="M17.06,1.57a0.08,0.08,0,0,0-.13,0L13.85,6.29a0.47,0.47,0,0,0,.53.69L17,6.08,19.62,7a0.46,0.46,0,0,0,.53-0.68Z"/><path d="M17,15.65c0-4.75-5.12-5.25-8.38-1.63" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.5"/></svg>
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`<svg id="sharp_left" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><title>icons</title><path d="M4.1,15.8a0.1,0.1,0,0,0,.11.11l6.65-1.4a0.56,0.56,0,0,0,.13-1L8,12,6.53,9a0.56,0.56,0,0,0-1,.13Z"/><path d="M18,23V15c0-5.78-4-7.79-8.61-4.11L8,12" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="3"/></svg>`
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				<svg id="slight_left-through" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><title>icons</title><line x1="17" y1="23.19" x2="17" y2="6.08" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.5"/><path d="M17.06,1.57a0.08,0.08,0,0,0-.13,0L13.85,6.29a0.47,0.47,0,0,0,.53.69L17,6.08,19.62,7a0.46,0.46,0,0,0,.53-0.68Z"/><path d="M17,19c0-4.22-4.84-9.36-6.54-10.68" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2.5"/><path d="M7.3,5.09a0.08,0.08,0,0,0-.09.09L8.37,10.7a0.47,0.47,0,0,0,.86.11l1.22-2.48,2.49-1.22a0.46,0.46,0,0,0-.11-0.86Z"/></svg>
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`<svg id="slight_left" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25"><title>icons</title><path d="M15,23V20c0-4.12-.1-9.29-3-12.74" fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="3"/><path d="M8.26,3.36a0.1,0.1,0,0,0-.11.11l1.4,6.65a0.56,0.56,0,0,0,1,.13l1.46-3,3-1.47a0.56,0.56,0,0,0-.13-1Z"/></svg>`